Possible Interaction: Vitamin D and Vitamin K

“If co-administered with minerals and vitamin D, vitamin K1 may substantially contribute to reducing postmenopausal bone loss at the site of the femoral neck.”

“Based on this line of evidence, combined treatment with alfacalcidol and menatetrenone for osteoporosis is surmised to be more effective than treatment with menatetrenone alone, and may have anabolic effects on osteoporotic bone.”

“In addition, it is known from the literature that low vitamin K levels in combination with low vitamin D levels increase the risk of all-cause mortality, although no significant association with cardiovascular mortality or cardiovascular events was found [7].”

“A significant decrease in … with the combination of vitamin K and D. Simultaneously, subgroup analysis showed that … d-1, which when combined with vitamin D can significantly increase the total BMD compared with the control group fed ….101 to 0.858 and 0.570, 0.196 to 0.945).”

“ Vitamin K combined with vitamin D significantly increased the total bone mineral density (BMD): the pooled effect size was 0.316 [95% CI (confidence interval), 0.031 to 0.601].”

“ConclusionCombination of low concentrations of vitamin K1 and 25(OH)D is associated with increased risk of hip fractures.”

“There was a significant interaction between 25(OH)D and vitamin K1 (p < 0.001), and a significant correlation between total osteocalcin and vitamin K1 and 25(OH)D (rho = 0.18, p = 0.01; rho = 0.20, p = 0.01, respectively).”

“ Vitamin K1 and 25(OH)D are independently and synergistically associated with the risk of hip fracture when adjusting for confounders.”

“Adding vitamin K1 to vitamin D and calcium reduced the lifetime probability of at least one fracture by 20%, increased discounted survival by 0.4 QALYs (95% CrI −1.9; 1.4) and discounted costs by $4,014, yielding an ICER of $9,557/QALY.”

“In recent years, several authors have included vitamin K as a possible protective factor, interacting with calcium and vitamin D in the maintenance of both bone and cardiovascular health [2].”

“Calcium intake, vitamin D and vitamin K supplementation are probably strictly interacting in the maintenance of both bone and vascular health.”

“In conclusion, addition of vitamin K to vitamin D and calcium supplements in the postmenopausal Korean women increase the L3 BMD and reduce the UcOC concentration.”