“Exogenous DIM also led to a decrease in MDA, CD, H2O2, O2−, MG and ·OH, under vanadium stress in the shoots.”
“Furthermore, DIM application led to an increase in the enzymatic activities of APX, SOD, Gly I and GST under vanadium stress.”
“Our results indicate that exogenous application of DIM can improve B. napus seedling shoot growth and biomass under vanadium stress by priming the antioxidant enzymes via reactive oxygen species (ROS) signaling.”