Possible Interaction: Vanadium and Calcium Supplement

“The observed increase in malondialdehyde, Ca++ and H+/K+ ATPase activities, iNOS and COX-2 expression following IR were significantly reduced by pretreatment with vanadium.”

“ Vanadium administration throughout the study reduced relative liver weight (RLW), nodular incidence (57.15%), total number, and multiplicity (48.45%) with restoration of hepatic zinc (Zn), magnesium (Mg), selenium (Se), copper (Cu), iron (Fe), and calcium (Ca) contents when compared to the carcinogen control.”

“The mechanisms by which vanadium exerts its toxic effects are poorly understood, but interference with the normal kinetics and macromolecular binding of the body's other essential metals, such as Zn, Ca , Mg, Fe, Cu may play a significant role.”

“It was shown that three different approaches may be applied in order to control the ionic charge of vanadium , namely, charge compensation, via incorporation of Mg2+/Ca2+ ions, citric acid (CA)-assisted synthesis, with various CA concentrations and grain size tuning through annealing temperature regulation.”

“Soil pH, organic matter, and the contents of iron and aluminum (hydr)oxides, phosphorus, calcium , and other coexisting elements affect the bioavailability, toxicity, and plant uptake of vanadium.”