Possible Interaction: Valine and Glutamic Acid

“The results of kinetic studies also suggest that Arg in position P(4) is not important for the exopeptidase activity of cathepsin B, and that introducing Glu in place of Val in position P(2) causes an increase of the substrate preference towards this activity.”

“In average concentrations of glutamic acid in the ventricular fluid the concentration of cystine, treomine, and valine was decreased.”

“ Glutamic acid entry at 0.06 mM was inhibited 20–30% by 3 mM phenylalanine, valine , α-aminoisobutyric acid, and glutamine.”

“Mutagenesis of the glutamic acid at position 9 of H-2Ld to valine , as is found in H-2Dd and H-2Kb, resulted in both qualitative and quantitative effects on inter-chain interactions, intracellular transport, peptide binding, and peptide presentation.”

“Substitution of a valine residue at position 664 in the transmembrane region with glutamic acid activates the tyrosine kinase of the molecule and is associated with increased receptor dimerization.”

“However, valine treatment significantly downregulated the mRNA expression levels of PePT1, B0AT1, LAT1, and SNAT2 in the small intestines and corresponding serum free Arg, His, Met, Thr, Ala, Asp, Glu , Gly, and Ser level.”

“In surveying all possible residues at position 131 in the M subunit, we discovered that when glutamic acid replaces the native valine the efficiency of the secondary ET is nearly two-fold higher than in the wild-type RC.”

“Among free amino acids in muscle, L-glutamic acid , L-alanine, L-valine , L-leucine and L-phenylalanine were significantly (p<0.05) higher in GE than in control.”

“A significant inhibition by valine could readily be demonstrated in well-aerated cultures in an inorganic salt medium containing glutamic acid as the only carbon and energy source, or in a medium containing only citrate as the carbon source.”