Possible Interaction: Tretinoin and Alitretinoin

“Addition of both 9-cis and all-trans retinoic acids resulted in an additive effect increasing promoter activity by 2-fold.”

“A retinoic acid receptor-β/γ selective antagonist also suppressed the cytotoxic effects of 9-cis-retinoic acid in a dose-dependent manner.”

“Plasma concentrations of all-trans-retinoic acid following 9-cis-retinoic acid administration were less than the limit of quantitation (0.1 microM), suggesting that isomerization to all-trans-retinoic acid is not a major metabolic pathway.”

“A selective retinoic X receptor (RXR) agonist, 4-[1-3,5,5,8,8-pentamethyl-…,7,8-tetrahydro-2-naphthyl)-ethenyl]benzoi c acid (3-methyl TTNEB), as well as 9-cis retinoic acid , a natural RXR … the effects of T-RA on fibrinogen synthesis in … at lower concentrations.”

“This indicates that the mechanism of gene induction by 9-cis-retinoic acid differs markedly from all-trans-retinoic acid.”

“These findings suggest that the combined use of PJ, ATRA and 9-cis causes inhibition of cell proliferation by cell cycle arrest and down-regulation of fibrotic markers to a greater extent compared to each of the ligands alone.”

“Arachidonic acid release by9-cis retinoic acid in the presence of either ciglitazone or trans retinoic acid is synergistic.”

“ 9-cis-Retinoic acid was approximately 10-fold more potent than all-trans-retinoic acid , suggesting that RXRs participate in this process.”