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“Moreover, phosphorylation of p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase in ICR mouse skin, measured 4 h after TPA treatment, was suppressed by oral pretreatment of CP (40 or 200 mg/kg).”
“Application of grape polyphenolics (20 mg) at 60 and 30 min prior to treatment with TPA inhibited ODC activity by 62 and 68%, respectively, compared with controls (P<0.05).”
“Collectively these data suggest that the grape polyphenolic fraction is effective as an inhibitor of ODC activity when applied before TPA , and that the magnitude of inhibition is independent of epidermal ODC protein content.”