“HOXB7 was not upregulated but microarray analysis validated by real-time PCR identified four potential resistance genes (IL-8, HILDPA, IGFBPA, and ANGPTL4) whose upregulation by RA was suppressed by THAL.”
“However, RA may also induce the expression of resistance genes such as HOXB7 which can be suppressed by Thalidomide (THAL).”
“In conclusion, combined treatment with RA + THAL delayed growth of GBM xenografts and suppressed putative resistance genes associated with hypoxia and angiogenesis.”
“The synergistic effect of RA and THAL was corroborated by the effect on proliferation of glioblastoma cell lines in vitro.”