“ Thalidomide treatment significantly reduced the degree of: 1) spinal cord … (histological score); 2) neutrophil infiltration (myeloperoxidase evaluation); 3) iNOS, nitrotyrosine , lipid peroxidation, and cytokine expression (TNF-&agr; and IL-1&bgr;); 4) apoptosis (terminal deoxynucleotidyltransferase-… staining, and Bax and Bcl-2 expression); and 5) nuclear factor-&kgr;B activation.”