Possible Interaction: Serine and Calcium Supplement

“High Ca2+o increased serine phosphorylation of the 85-kDa cytosolic phospholipase A2 (cPLA2) in both parathyroid and HEKCaR cells.”

“In the absence of Ca2+ and phospholipid, PDB binding in whole cell lysates was similar to that in intact cells, but addition of Ca2+ (0.5 mM) and phosphatidyl serine (96 micrograms/ml) caused a 4-fold increase in the binding detected in lysates.”

“Meinke and Holland (1950) presented evidence that calcium is a stimulatory factor in the utilization of serine by Lactobacilus delbrueckii, strain 9595, and that L. casei growth is stimulated to some degree by calcium.”

“Although, the amino acid residues directly involved in catalysis are conserved, the substitution of Asp49 by Arg/Lys/Gln or Ser prevents the binding of the essential calcium ion and hence these proteins are incapable of hydrolyzing phospholipids.”

“The possibility that calcium with phosphatidyl serine may change the granule membrane permeability is discussed.”

“Phosphatidyl serine with calcium could also conceivably change the membrane permeability causing increased influx of sodium ions, thus accounting for the mild enhancement of the release in Krebs-Ringer solution.”

“Maximal incorporation of choline occurs at 1.6 to 3.3·10−3M concentration of calcium ions and a pH value of 9.0 d- and l-serine competitively inhibit this reaction.”

“Moreover, the levels of carbohydrates (glucose, sucrose, and fructose), minerals (iron, calcium , magnesium, and potassium), amino acids ( serine , glutamic acids, glycine, methionine, lysine, arginine, and proline), and antioxidants (superoxide dismutase, catalase, and peroxidase) were significantly enhanced in sole and co-inoculated plants under control and stress conditions.”

“Negatively charged serine in PS controls Ca (2+) binding by lowering the electric surface potential and elevating cation concentration at the membrane/water interface.”

“The serine residue further reduced calcium affinity in both the three-acid residue loop (KCa = 19.6 mM) and the four-acid residue loop (KCa = 2806 microM).”