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“Evidence from single trials suggests that theophylline combined with quinine improves cramps more than quinine alone, and the effects of xylocaine injections into gastrocnemius are not significantly different to quinine across all outcomes.”
The Cochrane database of systematic reviews • 2015 | View Paper
“Besides the superior therapeutic efficacy of the combination of quinine and theophylline compared to that of quinine alone, this combination seems to be favourable also from a pharmacokinetic point of view.”
Pharmacology Biochemistry and Behavior • 1981 | View Paper
“The increase in 86Rb outflow evoked by theophylline in the presence of glucose was suppressed by quinine , suggesting that it may result from an increase in cytosolic Ca2+ concentration.”