“For in vitro experiments using rat liver microsomes, the metabolism of propranolol was inhibited by vitamin K3.”
“For in vivo experiments, the area under the blood concentration-time curve and the maximum concentration of propranolol were markedly increased following intraportal infusion of propranolol with vitamin K3 , but intraportal administration of vitamin K3 had little effect on propranolol kinetics when propranolol was infused intravenously.”
“Thus, it was concluded that vitamin K3 inhibited the first-pass metabolism of propranolol.”