Possible Interaction: Progesterone and Aldesleukin

“ Progesterone , on the other hand, inhibits the mitogenic action of estrogen on endometrium and enhances differentiation.”

“ Progesterone enhanced activation of STAT5 in response to IL-2 , whereas it decreased STAT3 activation in response to IL-6, which is in line with the selective activity of progesterone in generation of Tregs versus Th17 cells.”

“ Costimulation of late luteal endometrial explants with interleukin-1 beta (10 ng/ml) and progesterone (10(-6) mol/L) resulted in variable production of prostaglandin E2, suggesting that the histologic examination of the endometrium does not necessarily reflect the functional properties of the endometrium.”

“However, 1, 10, and 100 IU IL-2 significantly inhibited progesterone secretion from cells stimulated by 5 IU hCG (P less than 0.01).”

“The enhanced progesterone levels stimulated by forskolin were also significantly inhibited by 10 IU IL-2 (P = 0.01).”

“… IL-2 … progesterone production stimulated by hCG in human granulosa-luteal cells; 2) IL-2 also had a marked inhibitory effect on forskolin-induced progesterone release, …-CM produced inhibitory and stimulatory effects, respectively, on both basal and hCG-stimulated progesterone levels as well as on granulosa-luteal cell proliferation.”

“ Progesterone treated animals showed reduced peak disease scores and cumulative disease indices, and decreased inflammatory cytokine secretion ( IL-2 and IL-17).”

“Furthermore, IL-2 significantly inhibited the conversion of 20-OH-cholesterol, 22-OH-cholesterol, pregnenolone, progesterone , 17 alpha-hydroxypregnenolone, and 17 alpha-hydroxyprogesterone to testosterone but did not alter the conversion of dehydroepiandrosterone and androstenedione to testosterone.”

“ IL-2 slightly, but significantly, enhanced both FSH-stimulated progesterone and 20 alpha-OH-P production but had no effect on FSH-stimulated estrogen production or LH/hCG receptor induction.”

“Progesterone stimulation alone as well as co-stimulation with TNF-α, NGAL, IL-18, IL-1β, or thrombin with progesterone either increased, decreased, or did not change the expression of Bcl-2, Bcl-XL, or XIAP genes (anti-apoptotic factors).”

“Moreover, IL-2 significantly attenuated FSH-induced progesterone production by granulosa cells from small and large follicles but had no effect on LH-induced progesterone or and-rostenedione production by thecal cells.”