Possible Interaction: Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids and Leptin

“Changes in dietary intake of saturated fatty acids (FA) correlated positively, whereas changes in the intake of PUFA correlated negatively to changes in plasma leptin levels.”

“In BeWo cells transfected with the human leptin promoter, we found that n-3 PUFA reduced leptin promoter activity; in contrast saturated and monounsaturated FA had no effect on leptin promoter activity.”

“In the human trophoblast cell line (BeWo), n-3 PUFA had a dose- and time-dependent effect on leptin expression.”

“The direct effects of PUFA on leptin promoter activity indicate a specific regulatory action of FA on leptin expression.”

“Recent findings Recent studies have shown that long‐chain polyunsaturated fatty acids , especially the omega‐3 series, have antiinflammatory actions, increase the concentrations of anandamides, enhance the levels of acetylcholine and nitric oxide and modulate the concentrations and actions of various neurotransmitters, including leptin , in the brain.”

“More specifically, it has been demonstrated that polyunsaturated fatty acid (PUFA) intake influences adipose tissue expression of leptin , and of several lipogenic enzymes and transcription factors.”

“Among non-obese participants, the SFA had positive and PUFA had negative association with leptin gene expression in both adipose tissues.”

“Puglisi et al. (5) suggested that n-3 PUFAs may downregulate leptin , another fat tissue hormone, in association with reduced adiposity or upregulate its level in association with increased adiposity.”

“Adiponectin, leptin , and adipoR2 gene expression were upregulated with 3.6 g of ω-3 PUFA.”

“Supplementing high-fat diet with omega-3 PUFA decreased serum levels of leptin and resistin, while adiponectin levels were slightly elevated.”

“ Dietary PUFAs (0.4% wt/wt) caused insensitivity to peripherally but not intracerebroventricularly administered leptin.”

“Long-chain mono- and polyunsaturated fatty acids constitutively present in adipocyte triglyceride stores (oleic, linoleic, gamma-linolenic, palmitoleic, eicosapentanoic, and docosahexanoic acids) also completely suppressed leptin secretion.”

“High …-3 PUFA diet also led to the downregulation of the messenger RNA expression of acyl-CoA:… acyltransferase 2, fatty acid binding protein-4, peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor protein γ, and leptin in males, which are key proteins involved in adipocyte hypertrophy; however, no effect was observed in females.”