Possible Interaction: Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids and Docosahexaenoic Acid

“Supplementation with the PUFA led to a substantial increase in the proportions of EPA, DHA , and α-tocopherol in the plasma phospholipids and red blood cell (RBC) total lipids, but an increase was noted in the plasma phospholipid proportions of 18∶3n-3 with olive oil as well.”

“Increasing dietary n-3 PUFA intake results in increased DHA and EPA content in cell membranes as well as an increase in n-3 derived oxylipin and -endocannabinoid concentrations, like fatty acid amides and glycerol-esters.”

“n-3 PUFA deprivation in rats decreases brain levels of DHA and increases markers of the brain arachidonic acid (20:4n-6) cascade, a proinflammatory pathway.”

“ LCPUFA supplementation at 360 mg of combined DHA and ARA is likely necessary to reduce declines as well as allow increases in whole blood concentrations in the first 8 weeks of life.”

“We found that oxidized polyunsaturated fatty acids (OxDHA, OxEPA and OxLA) inhibited cell proliferation much more effectively compared with un-oxidized fatty acids ( DHA , EPA and LA, respectively) in THP-1 (a human monocytic leukemia cell line) and DLD-1 (a human colorectal cancer cell line) cells.”

“In the cellular NEFA, n-6 LCPUFA , dihomo-γ-linolenic acid (DGLA, 20:3n-6) and AA were both reduced by -51% and DHA was -55% lower (p < 0.05) at 90h.”

“The significance of these findings remains to be elucidated, but they stress the importance of strict monitoring and control of the polyunsaturated fatty acid status during DHA therapy.”

“The …-3 PUFAs in culture …/ml DHA or EPA) significantly reduces the production of IL-6 by unstimulated EC; or stimulated with TNF-alpha; IL-4 pg/ml); … PBL respectively for DHA and EPA, whereas the n-6 PUFAs (Arachidonic acid), even used at the highest concentration, was ineffective.”

“The proportion of saturated fatty acids in milk fat was decreased by DHA, and the proportion of polyunsaturated fatty acids was increased by both nitrate and DHA.”

“ DHA enrichment of the diet resulted in a significant 10-fold increase of the DHA liver content and ω-6 PUFA reducing (in particular of linoleic acid in 2.7-fold).”