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“It can be concluded that PIR and OXI as nootropics have an opposing effect on the content of high-energy phosphates and shape of astrocytes in vitro.”
Polish journal of pharmacology • 1999 | View Paper
“On the contrary, oxiracetam completely prevented the emetic response to morphine at doses 100 times lower and piracetam at doses 10 times higher then those of the opioid.”