“In addition, we found that the cellular level of phosphatidic acid (PA) increased in H2O2-treated W/W and W/M cells and decreased by the treatment with antioxidants, and that PA enhances the mRNA expression of FGF-1 in the W/W cells.”
“These findings suggest that the increasing PA production may enhance FGF-1 expression to protect astrocytes against oxidative stress induced by long-term culture.”