Possible Interaction: Nitric Oxide and Kaempferol

“In addition, 1 μg/ml (+)-catechin significantly increased fibroblast migration by 2.4-fold compared to that in the control after 24 h. Regarding anti-inflammatory properties, kaempferol (7) and quercetin (6) decreased (p < 0.005) NO production, with IC50 values of 46.6 and 56.2 μM, respectively.”

“Saffron and kaempferol also decreased production of NO , inflammatory cytokines and chemokines in respiratory systems.”

“Additionally, incubation with either EAFPg or kaempferol (100 μg/ml) reduced NO production and cytokine gene expression in cultured LPS-treated RAW 264.7 macrophages.”

“ Luteolin dose-dependently inhibited … secretion of nitric oxide (NO) and prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) and diminished the levels of mRNA transcripts of inducible NO synthase (iNOS), tumor necrosis factor- (TNF-) α, and cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) in lipopolysaccharide- (LPS-) and pam3CSK-treated macrophage-like RAW264.7 cells without displaying cytotoxicity.”

“ KF … nitric oxide (NO) and prostaglandin E2 (PGE2), downregulated the cellular adhesion of U937 cells to fibronectin (FN), neutralized the generation of radicals, and diminished mRNA … NO synthase (iNOS), TNF-α, and cyclooxygenase- (COX-) 2 in lipopolysaccharide- (LPS-) and sodium nitroprusside- (SNP-) treated RAW264.7 cells and peritoneal macrophages.”

“Here in vitro investigations showed that luteolin dose-dependently inhibited LPS-triggered secretion and relocation of high mobility group B-1 (HMGB1) and LPS-induced production of tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α) and nitric oxide (NO) in macrophages.”

“Among these, it was found that luteolin was able to strongly suppress NO and PGE2 production under the same conditions.”

“ Kaempferol and quercetin showed significant inhibitory effects on NO production in response to lipopolysaccharide treatment in macrophage cells in which the PPARgamma was overexpressed; rosiglitazone was less potent than kaempferol and quercetin.”

“ Luteolin significantly inhibited interleukine-8 (IL-8) production, cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) and inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) expression and nitric oxide (˙NO) overproduction induced by cytokines, indicating that luteolin negatively modulates key inflammatory signalling cascades underlying intestinal inflammation.”

“We also found that pretreatment with three flavonoids, including quercetin, genistein, and luteolin , blocked nitric oxide synthesis in a dose-dependent fashion.”