Possible Interaction: Nitric Oxide and Ih636 Grape Seed Proanthocyanidin Extract

“In conclusion, GSPE increase eNOS expression and NO production in an AMPK/SIRT1 dependent manner through KLF2 induction, and attenuate ouabain induced hypertension.”

“… GSPE … NO from 21.31 to 14.73 micromol/L and increased plasma SOD activities from 111.14 to 133.27 U/mL. The effects of … dietary GSPE was able to restore the balance of antioxidant/oxidant system that was exerted by the oxidative stress after the parasite infection.”

“Administration of GSPE could dose-dependently preserve the activities of these antioxidative enzymes and anti-OH− ability, accompanied by a significant reduction in the levels of MDA, NO , Ca2+ as well as iNOS, and calpainII protein and mRNA expression.”

“In addition, pretreatment with GSPE (6 μg/ml) for 5 min inhibited 0.1 mM [Mg2+]o- and glutamate-induced formation of NO.”

“In a chick cardiomyocyte study, we demonstrated that high-dose (500 μg/ml) GSPE produces a significantly high level of NO that contributes to increased apoptotic cell death detected by propidium iodide and terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase-mediated dUTP nick-end labeling (TUNEL) staining.”

“ Nitric oxide (NO), being a regulator of apoptosis, can be increased in production by the administration of GSPE.”

“Furthermore, GSPE pretreatment protects the microglial GSH pool during high output NO production and results in an elevation of the H(2)O(2) tolerance in astroglial cells.”

“ GSPE treatment (50 mg/L) increased NO production (measured by NO(2-) assay) by stimulation of the inducible isoform of NOS.”

“We showed that, in addition to its antioxidative property, GSPE enhances low-level production of intracellular NO in primary rat astroglial cultures.”

“In addition, GSPE could reverse the downregulation of nNOS, NO and cGMP expression, and the decreased activities of antioxidant enzymes (SOD and GSH-Px).”