Possible Interaction: Nitric Oxide and Ginseng

“ RGO supplementation reduced the plasma nitric oxide (NO) concentration as well as lipid peroxidation and inhibited the production of proinflammatory factors such as inducible NO synthase, cyclooxygenase-2, interleukin 1β, IL-6, and tumor necrosis factor-α in the mouse colitis tissue.”

“ RMO significantly inhibited the production of oxidative stress molecules such as nitric oxide and reactive oxygen species in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-activated RAW 264.7 cells.”

“Several recent studies have suggested that the antioxidant and organ-protective actions of ginseng are linked to enhanced nitric oxide ( NO ) synthesis in endothelium of lung, heart, and kidney and in the corpus cavernosum.”

“ Panax ginseng is well known to enhance the release of nitric oxide (NO) from endothelial cells of the rat aorta and to reduce blood pressure in animals.”

“ Red ginseng was found to promote the proliferation of vascular endothelial cells, inhibit the production but promote the decomposition of …, which is known to constrict blood vessels and raise blood pressure as well as accelerated the synthesis of nitric oxide , which is known to have an angio-tonic effect.”

“ NO and prostaglandin E2 (PGE[Formula: see text] production was elevated in response to LPS stimulation and was dose-dependently reduced by pretreatment with KGB.”

“ GLE also suppressed the generation of nitric oxide (NO) and expression of inducible NO synthase (iNOS) in a dose-dependent manner.”

“Furthermore, steamed GSEs exhibited a greater ability to inhibit the production of inflammatory mediators and pro-inflammatory cytokines, such as nitric oxide (NO), interleukin (IL)-6, and tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α in LPS-induced RAW264.7 cells at the same concentration.”

“…,GP (0.1 g/kg) significantly shortened the escape latency, prolonged the crossing times and the percentage of …–42 and p‐tau, the activity of T‐NOS and iNOS, and the content of MDA and NO , improved the activity of SOD, the concentration … p‐PKA/PKA and ‐CREB/CREB.”

“… KRG administration decreased cytokine levels including tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α (897 and 623 pg/ml, control … interleukin (IL)-1β (175 and 127 pg/ml, control and KRG groups, respectively, P = 0.051), nitric oxide level (149 and 81 nM, control and KRG … 48 h post-infection, in vivo.”