Possible Interaction: Nitric Oxide and Andrographolide

“ Andrographolide also stimulated endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS) expression, NO release, and vasodilator-stimulated phosphoprotein (VASP) phosphorylation.”

“The results demonstrated that andrographolide , isoandrographolide, 7-O-methylwogonin and skullcapflavone-I significantly inhibited LPS stimulated NO and PGE(2) release in J774A.1 macrophages.”

“We found that andrographolide strongly reduced LPS-induced NO and iNOS expression.”

“In addition, 5 mg/kg andrographolide treatment also decreased the expression of pro-inflammatory mediators and cytokines ( NO , COX-2, iNOS, IL-1β, IL-6 and TNF-α), NF-κB signaling (p-p65, p-IκBα) and NLRP3 inflammasome assembly (NLRP3, ASC and caspase-1) in the prefrontal cortex.”

“The results indicated that andrographolide clearly inhibited the production of NO and TNF-α in lipopolysaccharide-activated PMϕ in a dose-related manner.”

“In this study, we investigated the inhibitory effects of andrographolide on the induction of nitric oxide synthase (NOS) and cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) as well as their respective downstream products, NO and PGE2, in RAW264.7 cells treated with LPS.”

“Serum NO level which was increased in B16F-10 melanoma injected control animals was also found to be significantly lowered by the administration of APE and ANDLE.”

“Taken together our results demonstrate that APE and ANDLE inhibit the tumor specific angiogenesis by regulating the production of various pro and antiangiogenic factors such as proinflammatory cytokine, nitric oxide , VEGF, IL-2 and TIMP-1.”

“ ANDRO significantly attenuated LPS-induced microglial activation and production of reactive oxygen species, tumor necrosis factor-α, nitric oxide , and prostaglandin E2.”

“As a whole, these data suggest that andrographolide inhibits NO synthesis in RAW 264.7 cells by reducing the expression of iNOS protein and the reduction could occur through two additional mechanisms: prevention of the de novo protein synthesis and decreasing the protein stability via a post‐transcriptional mechanism.”

“RAW 264.7 cells stimulated with …‐γ activated NO production; in this condition andrographolide (1–…) inhibited NO production in a dose‐dependent manner with an IC50 value of 17.4±1.1 μM. … also reduces the expression of iNOS protein level but without a significant effect on iNOS mRNA.”

“ AG suppressed … of nitric oxide (NO) and prostaglandin E2 (PGE2), as well as the mRNA abundance of inducible NO synthase (iNOS), tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α), …)-2, and interferon-beta (IFN-β) in a dose-dependent manner in both lipopolysaccharide- (LPS-) activated RAW264.7 cells and peritoneal macrophages.”