“ Andrographolide and curcumin showed a marked inhibition on morphine 3- and 6-glucuronidation with IC50 of 50&87 and 96&111 μM, respectively.”
“In the presence of 2%BSA, andrographolide also showed a strong inhibition on morphine 3- and 6-glucuronidation (IC50 4.4&21.6 μM) whereas curcumin showed moderate inhibition (IC50 338&333 μM).”
“The Ki of andrographolide, curcumin and silybin on morphine 3- and 6-glucuronidation were 7.1&9.5, 72.7&65.2, and 224.….4&3.1, 96.4&108.8, and 366.3&394.5 μM. Using the in vitro and in vivo extrapolation approach, andrographolide was … morphine.”