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“ Metformin (1 micro …/ml) increased IR tyrosine phosphorylation by 78% (P = 0.0007) in 30 min in human hepatocytes and Huh7 cells and increased IRS-2 but not …-1 activation, and the downstream increase in deoxyglucose uptake was mediated via increased translocation of GLUT-1 to the plasma membrane.”
British journal of pharmacology • 2002 | View Paper
“The results demonstrate coupling energy for metformin with amino acids F, W, H and Y , because of the interaction between the metformin dication and the electron cloud of π orbitals.”