“Furthermore, NM increased transient receptor potential vanilloid 1 (TRPV1) expression, intracellular Ca 2 + content, and the activities of Ca 2+ /calmodulin-dependent kinase kinase β (CaMKKβ), AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK), unc-51-like kinase 1 (ULK1), and mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR).”