Possible Interaction: Manganese and Melatonin

“In addition, melatonin pretreatment attenuated Mn and/or LPS-induced degradation of IκB-α, nuclear translocation of nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB) and its activation, and the expressions of inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) and nitric oxide (NO) in BV2 microglial cells.”

“ Melatonin (10 μM) inhibited Mn (100 μM) and/or LPS (0.5 μg/ml)-induced phagocytotic activity of activated BV2 microglia.”

“ Melatonin effectively suppressed the upregulation of interleukin-1β (IL-1β) and tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) at both mRNA and protein levels in Mn and/or LPS-stimulated BV2 microglia.”

“ Melatonin partially prevented the loss of MN and alleviated the inflammation and oxidative stress induced by DNBS.”

“These results indicate that melatonin protects MN from damage by reducing inflammation and oxidative stress, effects that are partly mediated by the Nrf2–ARE pathway.”

“While melatonin treatment induced the expression of Mn SOD mRNA and a continual increase of Mn SOD activity as well as the activity and mRNA expression of Cu–Zn SOD at 12 weeks.”

“This effect of Mn appeared to be mediated by oxidative stress, as it was reversed by antioxidants ( melatonin and PBN) and by increasing glutathione levels, while it was potentiated by glutathione depletion in astrocytes.”

“In the animals treated with MEL + Mn a higher reduction in MDA levels was observed.”

“These results suggest that MEL modulates the effect of Mn on SMA and brain lipid peroxidation.”

“Our results demonstrate that melatonin administration decreases the percentage of damaged cells, porphyrin synthesis, and aminolevulinate synthase (ALA‐S) mRNA levels and increases the mRNA levels for manganese superoxide‐dismutase and copper‐zinc superoxide dismutase.”