Possible Interaction: Interferons and Vitamin D

“Recent clinical trials have shown that vitamin D supplements significantly enhance the efficacy of interferon plus ribavirin therapy through sustained virological response.”

“As an additional topic on this theme, we propose that vitamin D may cooperate with type I interferons ( IFNs ) to control the early phase of SARS-CoV-2 infection.”

“The vitamin D effects on MS activity were additively enhanced by IFN.”

“Conclusion Vitamin D enhances IFN-β induction of multiple proteins and also reverses the Th1/Th2 bias in MS seen with IFN-β alone.”

“The combination of vitamin D and IFN-β has potential benefit in ameliorating MS.”

“The combination of vitamin D plus IFN-β reduced Th1 and Th17 cytokines, and increased Th2 responses, reversing the effect of IFN-β alone.”

“Thirdly, vitamin D could participate in a cross-talk with fibroblast growth factor 23 (FGF-23),9 which is a potent phosphaturic hormone … deficiency was highly prevalent, that FGF-23 levels were associated with LV hypertrophy and were an independent predictor of mortality.10 Additionally, vitamin D …, interferon-c, ….”

“ Vitamin D modulates the immune response and blocks induction of an interferon ( IFN ) signature by systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) sera.”

“ Vitamin D increases monocyte expression of CD14 and cathelicidin, molecules involved in innate immune responses (30, 31); down-regulates cytokine expression in activated T cells; and suppresses T-cell proliferation and production of interferon- and interleukin (IL)-2, thus reducing the net state of inflammation (32, 33).”

“Chronic HCV–infected patients tend to have vitamin D deficiency, suggesting that vitamin D supplementation may enhance the efficacy of treatment with pegylated interferon (PEG‐IFN) and ribavirin (RBV).”

“ Vitamin D has been shown to inhibit mononuclear and T lymphocyte cell proliferation by decreasing the production of IL-1beta, IL-2, IL-6, interferon c , and TNF-alpha.”

“Compared with …, the CC polymorphism at this locus is associated with … of achieving a cure of HCV with interferon treatment , due to enhanced host immune responsiveness to interferon.3 In conclusion, Indigenous people in the … treatment services have a similar chance of achieving a cure (SVR) to nonIndigenous people.”

“However, 100 nM of vitamin D3 significantly increased the release of IL-10, but suppressed the production of IL-2, IL-6, interferon γ and TNF α in the culture supernatants of both groups.”