Possible Interaction: Interferons and Epigallocatechin Gallate

“ EGCG down-regulated VEGFC/VEGFR2 signaling through c-JUN, interferon-γ , matrix metalloproteinase 9, and chemokine (C-X-C motif) ligand 3 pathways for endothelial proliferation, inflammatory response, and mobility.”

“Our data suggest that EGCG could impart therapeutic advantage if used in conjunction with IFN.”

“This study was undertaken to determine if EGCG could enhance the anti-proliferative effects of IFN.”

“They demonstrated that melanoma growth was more efficiently inhibited by a combined treatment of EGCG and IFN than treated with either reagent alone.”

“ Epigallocatechin-3-gallate (EGCG) specifically inhibits IFN-γ pathways and unlike Janus Kinase 1 and 2 (JAK1/JAK2) inhibitors (tofacitinib, ruxolitinib), EGCG is safer, more cost-effective, and is a topically active agent.”

“However, CD8+ cells with positive Natural killer group 2 member D (NKG2D) transmembrane receptor (CD8+ … were treated with 20 μm EGCG for 48 h. Conclusion: These results suggest that EGCG has a synergistic action that … HLA-B molecules via the IFN-γ pathway to maintain immune … CD8+ NKG2D+ subset.”

“In primary cultured human melanocytes, EGCG pre-treatment attenuated interferon (IFN)-γ-induced phosphorylation of JAK2 and its downstream signal transducer and activator of transcription (STAT)1 and STAT3 in a dose-dependent manner.”

“The results showed that the JAK/STAT pathway activation by proinflammatory cytokine interleukin‐6 and interferon‐γ in CCA cells was suppressed by pretreatment with quercetin and EGCG , evidently by a decrease of the elevated phosphorylated‐STAT1 and STAT3 proteins in a dose‐dependent manner.”

“4 Treatment with IFN‐γ activated phospho‐p38 MAPK, this effect being detected … as 1 h, persisting over 3 h and decreasing after 24 h. IFN‐γ produced a sustained action of …‐STAT1 that was prevented by EGCG and partially attenuated by SB 203580 … insensitive to downregulation of PKC.”

“In addition, EGCG treatment decreased the circulat-ing tumour necrosis factor-α, interleukin-6, monocyte chemoattractant protein-1, and interferon-γ levels in apolipoprotein E-deficient mice.”

“We further showed that EGCG reduced production of interferon-γ , IL-17, IL-6, IL-1β, and tumor necrosis factor-α; decreased types 1 and 17 helper T cells (Th1 and Th17, respectively); and increased regulatory T-cell populations in lymph nodes, the spleen, and the central nervous system.”

“Treatment with EGCG significantly reduced interleukin-1β, interferon-γ (INF-γ) and tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) levels in the AIT rats through suppression of nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB) pathway.”