“The results … pretreatments with honey polyphenols significantly improved SOD, GSH-Px, NO, and MPO levels and reduced DSS-induced colonic apoptosis, the colonic inflammatory … IL-6, TNF-α and TGF-β1 accompanied by downregulation of IL-1β, IL-6, TNF-α, IFN-γ gene and upregulation of …-α gene.”