“Two … IFN-τ treatment in macrophages may account for this inhibition: (i) the … cellular antiviral factors such as 2′,5′-oligoadenylate synthetase/RNase L and MxA protein and (ii) an increased production of MIP-1α, MIP-1β, … are natural ligands of CCR5, the principal coreceptor of HIV on macrophages.”