Possible Interaction: Interferon-Alpha and Emodin

“In addition, emodin significantly reduced ConA-induced nitric oxide (NO) production and the formation/release of TH1 (IL-2, IFNγ , TNFα) and TH17 (IL-6 and IL-17) cell cytokines, but induced those of TH2 (IL-4) and Treg (IL-10) cells.”

“ Emodin also sensitized the antiproliferative effect of IFN-α in HeLa cervical carcinoma cells and reduced tumor growth in Huh7 hepatocellular carcinoma-bearing mice.”

“ Emodin increased phosphorylation of STAT1, decreased phosphorylation of STAT3 and increased endogenous gene expression stimulated by IFN-α.”

“Therefore, emodin warrants further investigation as a new means to enhance the efficacy of IFN-α/β.”

“These results suggest that emodin potentiates the antiproliferative effect of IFN-α by activation of JAK/STAT pathway signaling through inhibition of 26S proteasome-stimulated IFNAR1 degradation.”

“Moreover, emodin could decrease the mRNA expression of IFN-α but enhance TNF-γ expression significantly compared to the viral controls in vitro.”

“Furthermore, the … action of emodin on EAT mice may be mediated … inhibition of the secretion of IFN-γ and the cell numbers of CD3+CD4+IL-4+, CD3+CD4+ IFN-γ+, CD3+CD8+IL-…+ and CD3+CD8+ IFN-γ+ T cells in the peripheral blood monocytes and splenic lymphocytes.”

“Notably, we confirmed that Emodin was able to significantly induce Toll-like receptor 3 (TLR3) (p < 0.01), IFN-α (p < 0.05) and IFN-β expression in iPAMs, indicating that induction of antiviral agents via TLR3 activation by Emodin might contribute to its anti-PRRSV effect.”

“The expression of IL-6, TNF-α and IFN-β decreased by 30%-50% in the HSV-1 + emodin group and showed no significant change in the HSV-1 + ACV group, respectively.”