Possible Interaction: Insulin and Serine

“Activation of N-terminal C-Jun kinase is known to be associated with unfolded protein response activation, and has been shown to participate in the inhibition of insulin action by stimulating serine phosphorylation of the insulin receptor substrate 1, an event that attenuates insulin signaling. '”

“ Insulin inhibits GSK3 by promoting phosphorylation of a serine residue (Ser-21 in GSK3alpha, Ser-9 in GSK3beta), thereby relieving GSK3 inhibition of glycogen synthesis in muscle.”

“Incubating adipocytes with insulin decreased the electrophoretic mobility and stimulated the phosphorylation of both Ser and Thr residues in lipin.”

“ Serine phosphorylation of insulin receptor substrate-1 (IRS-1) inhibits insulin signal transduction in a variety of cell backgrounds, which might contribute to peripheral insulin resistance.”

“ Insulin induced serine phosphorylation of Akt, through the phosphatidylinositol (PI) 3-kinase pathway.”

“Phosphoamino acid analysis of the pp50 demonstrated that insulin increased phosphorylation, mainly of threonine and moderately of serine , whereas pp50 did not contain phosphotyrosine.”

“Both insulins decreased the plasma levels of branched-chain amino acids, tyrosine, phenylalanine, methionine, serine and histidine similarly.”

“We found that treatment of the normal human liver cell LO2 with 1000 nM insulin for 48 h reduced glucose uptake and increased serine phosphorylation of insulin receptor substrate-1, indicating a reduction in insulin receptor signaling.”

“ Insulin increased PKB Ser⁴⁷³ , PKB Thr³⁰⁸, and GSK-3β Ser⁹ phosphorylation in skeletal muscles; coinfusion of adrenaline did not influence insulin-stimulated PKB and GSK-3 phosphorylation.”

“Initial in vitro stimulation of muscle tissue with insulin resulted in a substantial and selectively decreased Akt-2 expression and insulin-stimulated phosphorylation on the serine residue.”