Disclaimer: The information contained herein should NOT be used as a substitute for the advice of an appropriately qualified and licensed physician or other health care provider. The tool is not a substitute for the care provided… (more)
“Although ocular instillation of insulin alone did not decrease the serum glucose concentration, instillation of insulin with absorption promoters such as EDTA and saponin decreased it.”
Journal of ocular pharmacology • 1994 | View Paper
“The site of insulin absorption appears to be the nasolacrimal drainage system of the rat because administration of a solution containing insulin plus saponin directly into the punctum caused a rapid, significant decrease in blood D-glucose levels.”
Investigative ophthalmology & visual science • 1991 | View Paper
“These results indicate that the systemic absorption of 1% insulin through the eyes can be enhanced at least 7-fold when 1% of the surfactant, saponin , was added to the solution.”