Possible Interaction: Insulin and Phosphatidylethanolamine

“Treatment with insulin had restorative effects on PE , PI, and PS; Lyso was further elevated whereas PA decreased.”

“Treatment of Tetrahymena with insulin did not alter the relative proportions of the examined six phospholipid components (PIP2, PIP, phosphatidylcholine, phosphatidylethanolamine, PI, PA), but the primary interaction (imprinting) with insulin accounted for an about 75% decrease in the PIP2-level and an about 20% increase in the phosphatidylethanolamine level.”

“ Insulin stimulated the incorporation of [3H]glycerol into the three phosphoinositides and also phosphatidic acid, phosphatidylserine, and phosphatidylethanolamine by 50-100% in cells incubated without glucose.”

“It is concluded that insulin increases the synthesis of phosphatidylinositol, phosphatidylinositol 4-phosphate, phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate, phosphatidylethanolamine , and phosphatidylserine in fat cells partly by stimulating a reaction(s) located between glycerol 3-phosphate and phosphatidic acid in the biosynthetic pathway.”

“ Insulin injections cause an increase of the total content of saturated fatty acids in the sphingomyelin and phosphatidylethanolamine fractions of rat skeletal muscles as well as in the amount of unsaturated fatty acids in the phosphatidyl choline, phosphatidyl serine and phosphatidyl inositol fractions.”

“Subsequent treatment with physiological concentrations of insulin provoked 40-70% increases in 32PO4 levels (reflecting increases in mass) in phosphatidic acid, phosphatidylinositol, and polyphosphoinositides, and, lesser, 20-25% increases in phosphatidylserine and the combined chromatographic area containing phosphatidylethanolamine plus phosphatidylcholine plus phosphatidylcholine.”

“The addition of insulin to plasma membranes stimulated the methylation of endogenous phosphatidylethanolamine , as evidenced by an increase in the levels of phosphatidyl-N-monomethylethanolamine, phosphatidyl-N, N-dimethylethanolamine, and phosphatidylcholine.”

“ Phosphoethanolamine , which has been shown to be a growth factor for some rat and human mammary carcinoma cells, showed 2-fold growth stimulation when added with prolactin, insulin or hydrocortisone.”

“When the incorporation of [3H]acetate into the various … was examined, however, it was found that exposure to insulin resulted in a significant decrease in the percentage of phospholipid radioactivity in the … fraction and an increase in the percentage of radioactivity in the “membrane” phospholipids, phosphatidylethanolamine , phosphatidylinositol plus … sphingomyelin.”

“ Insulin enhances these activities within phosphatidylethanolamine.”

“ Insulin decreased the [(14)C]glucose solubilized by phosphatidylcholine, phosphatidylethanolamine and phosphatidic acid, but not by sphingomyelin.”