Possible Interaction: Insulin and Palmitic Acid

“We demonstrated that the glucose uptake in cultured GCs and lactate accumulation in the culture medium were stimulated by insulin, but the effects of insulin were attenuated by PA treatment.”

“The results showed that … high glucose, insulin, … palmitic acid , alone or in combination, could increase the protein levels of phospho-protein kinase C alpha (p-PKCα), phospho-p38 mitogen-… kinases (p-p38), c-myc, and c-jun, as well as the mRNA levels of c-myc and c-jun.”

“In the presence of PA, insulin induced vasoconstriction (21 ± 6% at 2 nmol/l insulin), which was abolished by pharmacological or genetic inactivation of PKCθ.”

“At the molecular level, palmitic acid reduces insulin stimulated Akt Ser473 phosphorylation.”

“The concentration of insulin positively correlates with initial content of palmitic fatty acid in the pool of lipids of blood plasma.”

“ Insulin minimizes in cytosol the content of a) ketone bodies - metabolites of C4 butyric fat acid and b) short chained C6-C10 fat acids and C16 palmitic acid for which in mitochondrion exists specific carrier - carnitin-palmitoilacyltransferase and "forces" mitochondrion to oxidize glucose.”

“The incorporation [3H] palmitic acid into this protein fraction is stimulated by insulin.”

“The 24-h infusion of palmitic acid decreased whole-body insulin sensitivity.”

“We present data which show that insulin inhibits the oxidation of palmitic acid by peroxisomes (IC(50) = 8.5 x 10(-11) M) at hormone concentrations 100-fold less than those needed for mitochondrial inhibition (IC(50) = 1.3 x 10(-8) M).”

“ Insulin treatment resulted in a small but significant increase in beta-oxidation of palmitic acid while 100 microM S-oxalylglutathione mediated a 40% decrease in palmitate oxidation.”