Acute post-exercise oxygen uptake, hormone and plasma metabolite response in obese men.

There were no significant differences in catecholamines (p ≥ 0.24), whereas

Effect of Insulin With Oral Nutrients on Whole-Body Protein Metabolism in Growing Pubertal Children With Type 1 Diabetes

 and nutrients (13.1 ± 6.3 μmol leucine/kg/h) than in the basal state (−21.4 ± 2.8, p < 0.01) with … from 138 ± 5.6 μmol leucine/kg/h to 108 ± 5.9 (p < 0.01) and no significant change in protein synthesis.

Pharmacokinetic assessment of an oligopeptide-based enteral formula in abdominal surgery patients.

With the OPD, insulin stimulation was faster and plasma concentrations of

Effects of insulin on myocardial uptake of branched chain amino acids soon after cardiac operations.

, by lowering the arterial concentration of 

 and isoleucine, inhibited the myocardial uptake of these amino acids.

A comparison of the effects of intravenous infusion of individual branched-chain amino acids on blood amino acid levels in man.

The arterial glucose concentration fell slightly (5%) and the

Improved glucose homeostasis in GLUD2 Tg mice.

 (0.25 mg/g given orally) induced a 2-fold increase in the serum 

 of the Wt mice, implying significant activation of the endogenous GDH1.

Leucine Stimulates Insulin Secretion via Down-regulation of Surface Expression of Adrenergic α2A Receptor through the mTOR (Mammalian Target of Rapamycin) Pathway

, but the mechanism has remained unclear.

Leucine as a pharmaconutrient to prevent and treat sarcopenia and type 2 diabetes.

The role of leucine in the regulation of protein metabolism.

Studies both in vivo and in vitro have shown that

 at a very high dose can stimulate muscle protein synthesis, an effect that is enhanced in vivo by 

 secreted in response to the leucine dose.

Mechanisms responsible for regulation of branched-chain amino acid catabolism.

 promotes global protein synthesis by signaling an increase in translation, promotes 

, and inhibits autophagic protein degradation.

Impaired cathepsin L gene expression in skeletal muscle is associated with type 2 diabetes.

 mRNA levels in control subjects from 1.03 +/- 0.30 to 1.90 +/- 0.32 relative units (P = 0.03).

Metabolic fate of leucine: a significant sterol precursor in adipose tissue and muscle.

 conversion to total lipids and sterols in adipose tissue but not in muscle or liver.

Acute interaction between hydrocortisone and insulin alters the plasma metabolome in humans

 were to reduce plasma levels of the branched chain amino acids (BCAs) 

 and their deaminated metabolites, and lowered free fatty acids and acylcarnitines.

Leucine Transamination Is Lower in Middle-Aged Compared with Younger Adults.

Differential effects of L-tryptophan and L-leucine administration on brain resting state functional networks and plasma hormone levels

Short-term prednisone use antagonizes insulin's anabolic effect on muscle protein and glucose metabolism in young healthy people.

 in both trials similarly suppressed whole body flux of 

Effect of Insulin with Concurrent Amino Acid Infusion on Protein Metabolism in Rapidly Growing Pubertal Children with Type 1 Diabetes

 than in the basal state, the result of decreased protein degradation but also decreased protein synthesis.

Maple syrup urine disease-therapeutic use of insulin in catabolic states

 and additional glucose had a more pronounced effect on lowering 

 (and α-ketoisocaproate) blood levels than dietary elimination of leucine alone.

Metabolic adaptation to feeding and fasting during lactation in humans.

 women compared with controls (L, 15 +/- 3 microU/ml; NL, 28 +/- 6 microU/ml; P = 0.05).

Role of leucine in protein metabolism during exercise and recovery.

 appears to exert a synergistic role with 

 as a regulatory factor in the insulin/ phosphatidylinositol-3 kinase (PI3-K) signal cascade.

Stimulation of L-type Ca2+ current in human atrial myocytes by insulin.

 from 4.0 +/- 0.3 nS to 8.3 +/- 1.0 nS (n = 6).

Differential effect of insulin on whole-body proteolysis and glucose metabolism in normal-weight, obese, and reduced-obese women.

 Ra an average of 18.4% in the control group, 20.4% in the obese group, and 24.1% in the reduced-obese group.

Time-dependent regulation by insulin of leucine metabolism in young healthy adults.

 and ketoisocaproate (KIC) concentrations during short-term (3 h) infusion, and this reduction persisted after 13 and 24 h of insulin administration.

Discordant metabolic actions of insulin in extreme lipodystrophy of childhood.

 concentrations (124.2 to 86.1 to 66.7 mumol/L) and 13CO2 production rates (0.034 to 0.017 to 0.011 mumol/kg/min; baseline, 0.1, and 0.3 U insulin/kg.h, respectively).

Effects of recombinant human IGF-I on glucose and leucine kinetics in men.

Furthermore, to prevent hypoglycemia after the termination of both rhIGF-I infusions, it was necessary to infuse glucose for an additional 2-20 h. Ra of

 was suppressed significantly by both IGF-I and 

, whereas leucine oxidation was not affected by either hormone.

Influence of insulin on leucine kinetics in the whole body and across the forearm in post-absorptive insulin dependent diabetic (type 1) patients.

 to alpha-KIC (p < 0.05) and its reamination (p < 0.05).

Euglycemic hyperinsulinemia augments amino acid uptake by human leg tissues during hyperaminoacidemia.

Leg leucine plus KIC release was reduced by insulin (120 +/- 17 … g-1.min-1; P = 0.005); endogenous leucine appearance of

 (leucine, 1.97 +/- 0.08 vs. 1.65 +/- 0.10; phenylalanine, 0.76 +/- … +/- 0.08 mumols.kg-1.min-1; P less than 0.02).

Role of insulin and branched-chain amino acids in regulating protein metabolism during fasting.

 resulted in a dose-dependent suppression of endogenous 

Amino acids augment insulin's suppression of whole body proteolysis.

 infusions without AA resulted in a progressive decrement in 

 Ra (14 to 45%), NORd (16-41%), and OXRd (3-56%) compared with basal values.

Insulin responsiveness of protein metabolism in vivo following bedrest in humans.

 also caused a dose-dependent reduction of plasma 

 concentration from 95 +/- 4 to 38 +/- 2 mumol/l (P less than 0.001).

 caused a dose-dependent reduction of the intracellular 

 Ra and leucine oxidation to a minimum of 1.64 +/- 0.08 and 0.322 +/- 0.039 mumol.kg-1.min-1, respectively, in nonbedrested subjects (P less than 0.001).

Actions of insulin on MCF-7 cells that are synchronized with hydroxyurea

 is also known to stimulate the incorporation of 

 into a pH 4.6 precipitable phosphoprotein fraction in the MCF-7 cells.

Dose-response curves of effects of insulin on leucine kinetics in humans.

 Ra decreased by a maximum of approximately 20%.

Effect of dietary fat, carbohydrate, and protein on branched-chain amino acid catabolism during caloric restriction.

 (119 +/- 13 vs. 222 +/- 15 microM, P less than 0.01) and beta-hydroxybutyrate (0.12 +/- 0.02 vs. 4.…) concentrations, and significantly decreased plasma glucose (96 +/- 4 vs. 66 +/- 3 mg/dl, P less than 0.01) and 

Effects of insulin, insulin-like growth factor-II and nerve growth factor on neurite outgrowth in cultured human neuroblastoma cells

Protein kinase activity of the insulin receptor in human circulating and cultured mononuclear cells.

 stimulated phosphorylation of exogenously added substrates like casein, (T,G)-A--

Insulin-like activity of bradykinin on amino acid balances across the human forearm.

 exhibited significant reduction of the release of glycine, proline, valine, phenylalanine, 

Hydrocortisone enhancement of insulin's action on macromolecular synthesis in MCF-7 cells

 stimulated the rate of [3H]uridine incorporation into RNA, [3H]thymidine incorporation into DNA, and 

Determination in vitro of the rate of protein synthesis and degradation in human-skeletal-muscle tissue.

 stimulated significantly the incorporation rate of 

Effects of Amino Acids, Epinephrine and Heparin upon the Radioimmunoassay of Insulin in Plasma

Recent reports have indicated that substances such as arginine,

, epinephrine and heparin artifactually alter the radioimmunoassay measurement of 

Hyperinsulin response to oral leucine in obesity and acromegaly.

 in obese and in acromegalic patients, but was ineffective in normal subjects, even when comparable total amounts of leucine were administered.

These findings indicate that oral doses of

 in conditions associated with islet cell hyperplasia, and may thus serve as an indicator of beta cell hyperresponsiveness.

Hypersecretion of insulin after the administration of L-leucine to obese children.

, the fall in concentrations of glucose differed little from that in the control subjects, reflecting a relative insensitivity to insulin in obese subjects.

 to obese subjects correlates with an increased basal secretory capability of the islets and appears to be in keeping with a hyperresponsiveness of the islets of Langerhans to a variety of stimuli.

A difference in mechanism by which leucine and other amino acids induce insulin release.

The results of these studies suggest that the mechanism by which

 differs from the mechanism by which other essential amino acids induce release of ...

Effect of amino acids and proteins on insulin secretion in man.

 and arginine themselves, rather than one of their metabolites, are the potens stimuli to 

 when these amino acids are administered.

These findings suggested that amino acids other than leucine or amino acids in combination with

Insulin secretion in response to protein ingestion.

Wehave also shown that increased release of insulin from the pancreatic beta cells is the mechanism by which

Stimulation of insulin secretion by amino acids.

Studies on patients with islet-cell tumor, including the phenomenon of leucine-induced accentuation of hypoglycemia.

The data favor the view that, in cases of islet-cell tumor,

 acts by potentiating the peripheral action of 

Amino acid and alpha-keto acid-induced hyperinsulinism in the leucine-sensitive type of infantile and childhood hypoglycemia.

Direct determinations of plasma insulin indicated a sharp rise in circulating

Leucine acutely potentiates glucose-stimulated insulin secretion in fetal sheep.

 infusion resulted in glucose stimulated 

 concentrations that were over 50% higher than controls (P<0.05).

Ketoisocaproic acid, a metabolite of leucine, suppresses insulin-stimulated glucose transport in skeletal muscle cells in a BCAT2-dependent manner.

While some controversies exist about the direct effect of

 in skeletal muscle, little is known about the direct effect of BCAA metabolites.

Chronic leucine exposure results in reduced but reversible glucose-stimulated insulin secretion in INS-1 cells.

 for 24 or 48 h diminished GSIS at high glucose … by 11% (P=0.026) or 22% (P=0.003), 

 content by 14% (P=0.008) or 20% (P=0.002), as well as decreasing PDX-1 and GLUT2 expression.

Leucine Supplementation Protects from Insulin Resistance by Regulating Adiposity Levels

Conclusions/Significance These findings suggest that

 sensitivity in HFD-fed mice by primarily decreasing adiposity, rather than directly acting on peripheral target organs.

Chronic exposure to leucine in vitro induces β-cell dysfunction in INS-1E cells and mouse islets.

 downregulated insulin 1 gene expression but upregulated pancreas duodenum homeobox 1 and 

The effects of increasing doses of 2 preparations of long-acting insulin on short-term plasma profiles of glucose and insulin in lactating dairy cows.

 resulted in linear decreases in plasma glucose concentrations, increased area under the curve, and decreased nadir for plasma glucose following administration of the 

Insulin responses to administrations of amino acids and fatty acids in healthy cats.

 concentration from 0 to 60 min were observed after injection of arginine, 

L-leucine, L-methionine, and L-lysine are involved in the regulation of intermediary metabolism-related gene expression in rainbow trout hepatocytes.

 reduced G6Pase gene expression by 90% and increased FAS gene expression > 4-fold compared with the control treatment.

Leucine supplementation of drinking water does not alter susceptibility to diet-induced obesity in mice.

, and the signaling pathways they regulate have been reported to either improve or worsen adiposity and 

Insulin sensitivity during pregnancy, lactation, and postweaning in primiparous gilts.

Postprandial concentrations of plasma glucose and area under the curve for

 than at the other stages (P < 0.05); both tended to be greater during EP than during MP or after weaning.

Physical characteristics and aerosolization performance of insulin dry powders for inhalation prepared by a spray drying method

 could be used to enhance the aerosolization behaviour of the 

 dry powders for inhalation, and trehalose could potentially be used as an excipient in the formulations.

Amino acids and insulin act additively to regulate components of the ubiquitin-proteasome pathway in C2C12 myotubes

 to down regulate proteolysis and expression of components of ubiquitin-proteasome pathway.

Oxo-4-methylpentanoic acid directs the metabolism of GABA into the Krebs cycle in rat pancreatic islets.

) stimulates by itself a biphasic secretion of 

 whereas L-leucine requires the presence of L-glutamine.

L-Leucine and l-phenylalanine induced insulin release and the influence of D-glucose

Substimulatory levels of glucose (3 mM) potentiated the

Studies on the mechanism of L-leucine- and α-ketoisocaproic acid — Induced insulin release from perifused isolated pancreatic islets

In contrast to α-ketoisocaproic acid (10 mM),

 in the presence than in the absence of glucose (5 mM).

[Effects of cysteamine on the plasma levels of SS and some metabolic hormones in adult geese].

 concentration was higher than that of control (4.43 +/- 0.41 mU/ 

Regulation of Leucine-stimulated Insulin Secretion and Glutamine Metabolism in Isolated Rat Islets*

 increased the flux through GDH 3-fold compared with controls while causing 

 by augmenting glutaminolysis through activating glutaminase and GDH.

Orally administered leucine enhances protein synthesis in skeletal muscle of diabetic rats in the absence of increases in 4E-BP1 or S6K1 phosphorylation.

Phosphorylation of 4E-BP1 and S6K1 was increased in diabetic rats infused with

 in a dose-dependent manner, and the response was enhanced by 

Signalling pathways and combinatory effects of insulin and amino acids in isolated rat hepatocytes.

 alone had no anabolic effect in hepatocytes, despite the activation of protein kinase B. Nevertheless, it enhanced the activation of ACC and p70S6K induced by 

 in hepatocytes was strictly dependent on the permissive action of 

Insulin stimulates the L-type Ca2+ current in rat cardiac myocytes.

 (1 microM) shifted the current-voltage relationship and potential-dependent availability of ICa,

 to more negative potentials by about 3.5 and 1.5 mV, respectively.

Leucine supplementation enhances skeletal muscle recovery in rats following exercise.

Refeeding a combination of carbohydrate and

 relative to the EF and SF groups and produced complete recovery of muscle Ks and glycogen to values not different from those in SF rats.

Effects of taurine on the insulin secretion of rat fetal islets from dams fed a low-protein diet.

Direct stimulation with taurine, methionine or

Insulin-like growth factor-I and insulin reduce leucine flux and oxidation in conscious tumor necrosis factor-infused dogs.

 both significantly reduced the rates of appearance of 

 and leucine oxidation to a similar extent, resulting in the significant decrease in net protein catabolism.

Phosphate depletion impairs leucine-induced insulin secretion.

D-Leucine uptake by islets from PD rats is normal, but both

 secretions are impaired and the activity of branched-chain keto acid dehydrogenase, which facilitates the metabolism of KIC, is reduced.

Four proteolytic processes of myocardium, one insensitive to thiol reactive agents and thiol protease inhibitor.

After the elimination of rapidly degraded proteins at 3 h, the release of

 (5 nM) or the lysosomal inhibitor chloroquine (30 microM), thereby defining a second vesicular process.

Phenylalaninylargininylarginine: a novel tripeptide exerting Zn(2+)-dependent, insulin-mimetic inhibitory action on myocardial proteolysis.

In the presence of background levels of perfusate Zn2+ the infusion of Phe-Arg-Arg (10 microM),

 (5 nM), or phenformin (2 microM) maximally caused a 39% inhibition of 

Protein synthesis in ovine muscle and skin: sequential measurements with three different amino acids based on the large-dose procedure.

 concentrations within 40 min of injection.

Glucose regulates leucine-induced insulin release and the expression of the branched chain ketoacid dehydrogenase E1 alpha subunit gene in pancreatic islets.

Much evidence has accumulated to support the idea that

 by allosterically activating glutamate dehydrogenase thus enhancing glutamate metabolism.

Inhibition of hepatic proteolysis by insulin. Role of hormone-induced alterations of the cellular K+ balance.

, further addition of glucagon (100 nM) led to a marked net K+ release from the liver (3.82 +/- 0.24 mumol.g-1), which was accompanied by stimulation of [3H]leucine release by 16.4 +/- 4.6% (n = 4).

 release by 24.5 +/- 1.3% (n = 15) and led to an amiloride-sensitive, bumetanide-sensitive and furosemide-sensitive net K+ uptake of 5.53 +/- 0.31 mumol.g-1 (n = 15).

Insulin Secretory Response to Secretagogues by Perifused Islets From Chronically Glucose-Infused Rats

 was tested; the secretory response to a subsequent leucine stimulation was also blunted compared with the control group.

Effect of dietary energy restriction on metabolic and endocrine responses during the estrous cycle of the suckled beef cow.

Insulin was not different on d 4 and 11; however, cows fed

 concentrations on d 18 and d E (P less than .05).

Insulin receptors and insulin-like growth factor I receptors are functional during organogenesis of the lens

 and IGF-I (0.1-1 nM) increase the incorporation of 

 and [3H]uridine in day 6 lens cells, suggesting that each peptide acts through its own receptor.

Effect of phenylarsine oxide on protein synthesis in 3T3-L1 adipocytes.

 into protein of 3T3-L1 adipocytes within 2 min of insulin addition.

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Possible Interaction: Insulin and Leucine

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Research Papers that Mention the Interaction