Possible Interaction: Insulin and Glutamic Acid

“In contrast, prephosphorylation of the insulin receptors in the presence of insulin was observed to enhance the exogenous protein kinase … the extent of autophosphorylation, such that by 1.4 mol of phosphate incorporated per mol of insulin receptor, insulin was found to … initial rate of Glu :Tyr phosphorylation (…-fold).”

“ Insulin was observed to stimulate the phosphorylation of Glu :Tyr approximately 3-fold independent of the extent of beta subunit autophosphorylation.”

“We show here that 100 nm insulin stimulated glu expression and enhanced GLP-1 content in the intestinal GLUTag L cell line as well as in primary fetal rat intestinal cell cultures.”

“Amino acids decreased AMPK activity in MIN6 beta-cells with an order of potency for inhibition: arg=leu < gln= leu + glu < glucose, which was closely correlated with the stimulation of insulin release (r2=0.76).”

“The dimethyl ester of L-glutamic acid DMG ) stimulates insulin release and was proposed as a possible insulinotropic tool in the treatment of non-insulin-dependent diabetes.”

“Animals receiving 5.0 IU/day insulin + GLU experienced a transient hyperphagia and weight gain followed by a suppression in food intake and body weight by Day 4 of treatment.”

“Previous studies have shown that glutamic acid prevents insulin aggregation in the minipumps to provide a more stable flow rate.”

“Various solution additives affect the solubility and macroaggregation of insulin in buffered aqueous solutions at physiological pH. The solubility of insulin may be improved with the addition of small amounts of aspartic acid, glutamic acid , EDTA (ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid), lysine, Tris buffer, or bicarbonate buffer.”