Counterregulatory hormone release after human and porcine insulin in healthy subjects and patients with pituitary disorders

 and epinephrine were also lower after human 

The Insulin Tolerance Test and Ovine Corticotrophin-Releasing-Hormone Test in Episodic Cluster Headache II: Comparison With Low Back Pain Patients

 induced hypoglycemia was significantly increased in the low back pain patient group (p = 0.02).

Insulin: interaction with membrane receprots and relationship to cyclic purine nucleotides and cell growth.

On the one hand, insulin action (glucose transport) is inhibited by compounds (cholera toxin,

, glucagon and L-norepinephrine) that stimulate adenylate cyclase; conversely, 

 both inhibits the lipolytic action of these compounds, and raises cellular levels of cyclic GMP.

Enzyme changes in diabetes mellitus.

 hormones on the biosynthesis of glycolytic and gluconeogenic en­ zymes are described.

Disordered and increased adrenocorticotropin secretion with diminished adrenocorticotropin potency in obese in premenopausal women.

 correlated with leptin (R = 0.63; P = 0.0001) and 

Role of cytochrome P450c17 in polycystic ovary syndrome

, IGFs and inhibin are among the many growth factors capable of augmenting the response to LH and 

Insulin-like growth factors enhance steroidogenic enzyme and corticotropin receptor messenger ribonucleic acid levels and corticotropin steroidogenic responsiveness in cultured human adrenocortical cells.

Moreover, the acute steroidogenic response to

 of cells pretreated with IGF-I, IGF-II, or 

 was 3- to 6-fold higher than that of control cells.

[Critical study of the characterization of hyperandrogenism in a group of obese women].

 and its possible action in vivo on the activity of adrenal enzymes requires clarification.

Puberty and polycystic ovarian syndrome: The insulin/insulin‐like growth factor I hypothesis

 and IGF-I might also be able to increase the adrenal sensitivity to 

[A case of male prolactinoma presenting extremely high serum prolactin levels and biphasic response to CB-154 suppression test].

Two-hour Adrenocorticotropic Hormone Test: Accuracy in the Evaluation of the Hypothalamic- Pituitary-Adrenocortical Axis

In the reference subjects, there was a highly significant correlation between the responses to

Effect of Aminonucleoside and Puromycin on Insulin and Epinephrine Control of Fatty Acid Release from Adipose Tissue

, for example, when added in low concentrations to incubated adipose tissue, stimulate the release of fatty acids3–5, and addition of 

 to the incubated tissue can inhibit its response to these lipolytic agents6.

The lipolytic response to corticotropin.

, presumably due to promotion of esterification of the free acids.

A case of insulin resistance treated with corticotropin.

The present report deals with a patient in whom there developed a resistance to

 which was apparently influenced favorably by the administration of 

Hypoadrenal Function and Adrenalectomy in Human Diabetes

Crude anterior pituitary extracts, growth hormone,

, lactotropin, as well as the n-oxygenated steroids have all been shown to have "diabetogenic" properties and are suspected of playing roles in the 

Feed efficiency and body composition are related to cortisol response to adrenocorticotropin hormone and insulin-induced hypoglycemia in rams.

More efficient sheep (more negative RFI value) were found to have lower (P < 0.05) cortisol concentrations following both an

Repeated administrations of adrenocorticotropic hormone during late gestation in pigs: maternal cortisol response and effects on fetal HPA axis and brain neurotransmitter systems.

On GD 101, a significant increase of plasma glucose and

 concentrations was found in sows after administration of 

Effects of dexamethasone, glucose infusion, adrenocorticotropin, and propylthiouracil on plasma leptin concentrations in horses.

 resulted in increases (P < 0.01) glucose, 

Effects of adrenalectomy and corticosterone replacement on the hypothalamic–pituitary response to neural stimuli

In control sham operated rats the exposure to photic or acoustic neural stimuli and to either cytoglucopenia induced by 2-deoxyglucose (2-DG) or to hypoglycemia induced by

 caused a significant 5-fold increase in 

Antilipolytic actions of insulin on basal and hormone-induced lipolysis in rat adipocytes.

 inhibited lipolysis induced by norepinephrine and 

 at a concentration of 10(-10) M, it failed to inhibit basal lipolysis even at a concentration of 10(-6) M. Propranolol, another antilipolytic agent like insulin, also did not affect basal lipolysis.

 inhibits only the lipolysis induced by lipolytic agents such as norepinephrine and 

 but not the basal lipolysis found in the absence of lipolytic agents.

Islet release of ACTH-like peptides and their modulatory effect on insulin secretion.

On the other hand, it has already been reported that

Modulatory mechanism of ACTH on insulin secretion: effect on cytosolic Ca2+, membrane potential and Ca(2+-ATPase activity.

 elicited by either 3.3 or 16.6 mM glucose.

 in concentrations similar to those attained by the endogenous peptide at the islet interstitium exerts its positive modulation on glucose-induced secretion of 

, at least partly through its increasing effect on cytosolic [Ca2+] of B cells.

Insulin-induced hypoglycaemia increases colocalization of corticotrophin-releasing factor and arginine vasopressin mRNAs in the rat hypothalamic paraventricular nucleus.

 injection (2.5 IU/kg) induced a significant decrease in blood glucose levels and a strong increase in plasma 

Insulin/hypoglycemia-induced adrenocorticotropin and beta-endorphin release: involvement of hypothalamic histaminergic neurons.

Hypoglycemia (plasma glucose, 2.2 +/- 0.3 nmol) induced by

 (3 IU/kg, ip) caused a 3- to 5-fold increase in the plasma concentrations of 

Patterns of adrenocorticotropin secretagog release with hypoglycemia, novelty, and restraint after colchicine blockade of axonal transport.

 decreased circulating glucose concentrations and increased 

Mechanisms of insulin inhibition of ACTH-stimulated steroid secretion by cultured bovine adrenocortical cells

 (1.7 x 10(-9) or 17.5 x 10(-9) M) caused about a 50% decrease in cortisol and androstenedione secretion in response to 

Pulsatile ACTH and cortisol in goats: effects of insulin-induced hypoglycemia and dexamethasone.

Circadian variations and extraadrenal effect of ACTH on insulinemia in rabbit.

We could, therefore, reasonably conclude that

 stimulates directly the pancreatic secretion of 

Differential modulation of ACTH-stimulated cortisol and androstenedione secretion by insulin.

 concentration of 0.1 ng/ml, androstenedione secretion by cells maintained in the presence of 10 nM 

 (10 nM)-stimulated cortisol secretion declined to a level only 30% of that produced by ACTH alone.

In the presence of low concentrations (0.05-0.1 nM) of

, cortisol secretion during a 2 h incubation was about 2-fold greater in the presence than in the absence of 

 to modulate the secretion of both C21 and C19 corticosteroids and that physiological concentrations (less than or equal to 1 ng/ml) of insulin may have a long-term effect to enhance selectively adrenal androgen secretion.

Corticotropin-releasing factor secretion increases in rat hypophysial portal blood during insulin-induced hypoglycemia.

 release within 15 min (1,588 +/- 168 vs. 741 +/- 144 pg/ml; n = 6, in vehicle-injected rats) which lasted for … least 1 h. CRF levels in HPB were 857 +/- SE 168 pg/ml (n = 13) during the first-hour pretreatment collection.

Evidence for rapid inhibition of ACTH by corticosteroids in dogs.

 secretion was significant 10 min after injection of oCRF-41 and 40 min after injection of 

Inhibition of adipose S-100 protein release by insulin.

 was also observed in the release of S-100 protein induced by isoproterenol or 

 (ACTH), but not in the release induced by a high concentration (5 mM) of dibutyryl cyclic AMP.

Beta-adrenergic mechanism of insulin-induced adrenocorticotropin release from the anterior pituitary.

 to control rats and to rats with pituitary stalk transections or with lesions of the median eminence resulted in increased 

 release by a mechanism in which catecholamines of peripheral origin act directly on the anterior pituitary.

Control of glycogen synthase and phosphorylase by insulin in rat adipocytes which is unrelated to the concentration of cyclic AMP.

 clearly opposed the changes in enzyme activity produced by isoproterenol (and also 

, epinephrine and norepinephrine) even though concentrations of cyclic AMP were still increased three- to fourfold.

Regulation by lipolytic and antillipolytic compounds of the phosphorylation of specific proteins in isolated intact fat cells.

 on lipolysis also prevented or reversed the NE- and ACTH-induced increase in [ 32 P] incorporation into proteins B and C. Insulin did not … rate of lipolysis correlated well with the level of phosphorylation of proteins B and C, but not with the level of cyclic AMP.

Antagonism of insulin and lipolytic hormones in the control of adenylate-cyclase activity in fat cells,.

 was found to inhibit the effect of submaximal concentrations of norepinephrine, 

Modulation of Adenylate Cyclase Activity in Liver and Fat Cell Membranes by Insulin

 depresses both the activity of adenylate cyclase stimulated by glucagon, epinephrine, and sodium fluoride in liver cell membranes and the activity of adenylate cyclase stimulated by epinephrine and 

 in particulate preparations from homogenates of isolated fat cells.

Regulation of adipose tissue pyruvate dehydrogenase by insulin and other hormones.

 on pyruvate dehydrogenase activity was inhibited by adrenaline, 

 and dibutyryl cyclic AMP (6-N,2'-O-dibutyryladenosine 3':5'-cyclic monophosphate).

Regulation of the transport and metabolism of amino acids in isolated fat cells. Effect of insulin and a possible role for adenosine 3',5'-monophosphate.

, while the inhibitory effects of theophylline and ACTH plus theophylline were only partially reversed.

Studies on the action of insulin in isolated adipose tissue cells. II. 3',5'-Nucleotide phosphodiesterase and antilipolysis.

In isolated fat cells the inhibition of lypolysis by

, glucagon and epinephrine occured in a similar concentration range of insulin and exhibited noncompetitive characteristics.

The influence of pituitary hormones and norepinephrine on the size of adipose cells in organ culture

The reduction in size and amount of intracellular lipid in brown and white adipose cells by STH,

, and LPH were prevented when combined with 10 μg/ml of 

Effects of lipolytic and antilipolytic substances on adenosine 3',5'-monophosphate levels in isolated fat cells.

 decreased cyclic AMP levels in fat cells exposed to epinephrine, 

, or glucagon in the presence of caffeine, while the β-adrenergic blocking agent pronethalol was effective against epinephrine but not ACTH or glucagon under the experimental conditions used.

Effect of administration of ACTH on insulin secretion in dogs.

 (250 μg of β1-24-corticotropin, CIBA, or 40 U of Highly Purified Corticotrophin, Organon) to dogs caused a sharp, marked and short-lived rise in plasma 

The results provide in vivo evidence that large doses of

Insulin inhibition of hormone and theophylline induced glycerol release in isolated adipocytes.

 to inhibit the norepinephrine, theophylline and 

 induced glycerol release from isolated fat cells was investigated.

 and this inhibition appeared to be greater than that seen when norepinephrine or theophylline was used as the lipolytic agent.

Insulin Release After ACTH, Glucagon and Adenosine-3′-5′-Phosphate (Cyclic AMP) in the Perfused Isolated Rat Pancreas

, glucagon and cyclic AMP will increase the secretion of 

Antilipolytic effect of insulin in isolated fat cells of the rat.

 reduced the stimulation of lipolysis by small amounts of theophylline and 

 but the antilipolytic effect of insulin was readily overcome by addition of more theophylline or ACTH.

Comparison of the responsiveness of perirenal adipose tissue of the rat, hamster, guinea pig and rabbit to the antilipolytic action of insulin.

 at a concentration of 0.0001-.001 μg/ml or greater inhibited the lipolytic response of rat adipose tissue to epinephrine or 

HORMONAL MODIFIERS OF INSULIN ACTION. NEW YORK DIABETES ASSOCIATION SYMPOSIUM. II. THE EFFECTS OF GLUCOCORTICOIDS ON INSULIN ACTION.

, on the other hand, inhibits the lipolytic effect of catecholamines, glucagon, and 

The influence of cortisone and insulin on the respiratory activity of rat adipose tissue in vitro.

 were administered to rats pretreated with 

 or cortisone for 24–48 hours an increase in adipose tissue glycogen occurred which significantly exceeded that from insulin alone.

Observations on the interrelationship between insulin, the adrenal cortex and non-specific stress (cold) in adipose tissue glycogen synthesis in the rat.

 with the glucose to rats pretreated with 

 or cortisone resulted in striking increases in adipose tissue glycogen concentration.

Adrenal insufficiency in a haemodialysis patient

 reduced the blood glucose levels; however, the responsiveness of 

 (Figure ​(Figure1f),1f), cortisol (Figure ​(Figure1f),1f), growth hormone (data not shown) and catecholamine (data not shown) was poor.

FURTHER OBSERVATIONS ON THE PRODUCTION OF AMINO ACIDS BY RAT-LIVER MITOCHONDRIA AND OTHER SUBCELLULAR FRACTIONS.

 and growth hormone stimulated mitochondrial amino acid production by 21-24%, whereas 

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Possible Interaction: Insulin and Adrenocorticotropic Hormone

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Insulin

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Research Papers that Mention the Interaction