Possible Interaction: Hydrogen Peroxide and Astaxanthin

“Our … that AST … H2O2‐ or BLM‐induced ROS generation and dose‐dependent apoptosis in AECs‐II, as characterized by changes in cell and mitochondria morphology, translocation of … proteins, inhibition of cytochrome c (Cyt c) release, and the activation of caspase‐9, caspase‐3, Nrf‐2 and other cytoprotective genes.”

“Moreover, astaxanthin (0.5 ppm) significantly increased the rate of oocytes that reached metaphase II and decreased proportion of apoptotic oocytes exposed to H2O2 (1.0mM) during IVM.”

“Moreover, astaxanthin also reversed the increases of malondialdehyde (MDA), hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), and the decrease of glutathione peroxidase (GPx) in fetal alcohol spectrum disorder.”

“Luminol–H2O2 assay showed the antioxidant activity series as canthaxanthin > β‐carotene at 62.5–1000 μg/mL and β‐carotene > canthaxanthin at ….0 μM. Canthaxanthin showed partial neuroprotective activity in Aβ(25–35)‐induced undifferentiated PC12 cell deaths at 1.0–5.0 μM. Astaxanthin … H2O2 and … influx.”

“After H2O2 treatment, caspases activities were prominently increased but astaxanthin pretreatment significantly inhibited H2O2-mediated caspases activation.”

“In cultured retinal ganglion cells (RGC-5, a rat ganglion cell-line transformed using E1A virus), astaxanthin inhibited the neurotoxicity induced by H2O2 or serum deprivation, and reduced the intracellular oxidation induced by various reactive oxygen species (ROS).”

“In addition, during polyunsaturated fatty acid (PUFA) oxidation, both DHA and linoleic acid hydroperoxides formation were markedly inhibited by astaxanthin isomers addition in the order 9-cis >13-cis >all-trans.”

“Xanthophyllomyces dendrorhous (formerly Phaffia rhodozyma) in shake-flask cultures was exposed to 10–20 mmol/L H2O2 at various culture stages, and the astaxanthin production was significantly increased by H2O2 fed at 0 or 24 h (exponential phase), but only slightly at 48 h (near stationary phase).”

“… astaxanthin production was enhanced … 10 mmol/L H2O2 at 0 and 24 h, reaching a cellular content of 1.30 mg/g cell and a volumetric yield of 10.… 83 and 65% higher, respectively, than those of the control (0.71 mg/g cell and 6.3 mg/L).”

“Canthaxanthin and astaxanthin which possess oxo groups at the 4 and 4'-positions in the beta-ionone ring retarded the hydroperoxide formation more efficiently than beta-carotene and zeaxanthin which possess no oxo groups.”