Possible Interaction: Homocysteine and Uridine Triacetate

“A wide range of Hcy concentrations (10–1000 µM) increased total tau and phosphorylated tau protein levels.”

“ Hcy also increased the level of tau oligomers, as indicated by the tau oligomer complex 1 (TOC1) antibody that specifically identifies oligomeric tau species, in the tris insoluble, sarkosyl soluble fraction.”

“These observations suggest that Hcy increases the levels of phosphorylated tau as well as truncated tau species via caspase 3 activation, and enhanced tau oligomerization and aggregation.”

“However, diet‐induced high Hcy resulted in a significant increase in A&bgr;, tau phosphorylation, neuroinflammation, synaptic pathology and memory impairment in control mice, but not in mice lacking ALOX5.”

“Here we demonstrate that N‐homocysteinylation of human tau (4R/1N isoform) inhibits its function via impaired tau–tubulin specific binding and MTP assembly dynamics in vitro.”

“Several recent studies have indicated that increased levels of homocysteine HC ), including that resulting from deficiency in folate, increases tau phosphorylation.”

“Although the underlying mechanisms of its toxicity are elusive, it has been shown that Hcy damages neurons by inducing apoptosis, DNA fragmentation, and tau hyperphosphorylation.”

“Our results demonstrate that acute exposure of primary rat cerebellar granule cell cultures to homocysteine at millimolar concentrations induces a glutamate receptor-mediated decrease in tau protein phosphorylation, which is accompanied by excitotoxic neuronal damage.”

“The phosphorylation of tau may be increased or reduced by treatment with homocysteine , and the nature of the cellular response to this sulfur-containing amino acid depends on the neuronal phenotype.”

“These results imply that Hcy may induce hyperphosphorylation of tau with PP-2Ac involved mechanism.”

“Our results demonstrated that homocysteine produced learning and memory deficits and increased levels of Tau phosphorylation, and diminished the activity of catalytic protein phosphatase 2A.”