Possible Interaction: Homocysteine and Bismuth Subsalicylate

“Here, we show that Hcy induces ER oxidoreductin-1α (Ero1α) expression with ER stress and inflammation in human umbilical vein endothelial cells and in the arteries of HHcy mice.”

“ Hcy was observed to induce ER stress , produce ROS and lead to cell death.”

“In HepG2 …, ER stress triggered by tunicamycin, thapsigargin and homocysteine markedly induced CRP expression and the activation of protein kinase R-like endoplasmic reticulum kinase (PERK), inositol-requiring transmembrane kinase/endonuclease 1α (IRE1α), activating transcription factor 6 (ATF6), and hepatocyte-specific cyclic AMP response element binding protein H (CREBH).”

“This observation, coupled with the reports that homocysteine can induce ER stress , prompted us to examine the possible regulation of MTHFR by ER stress.”

“These findings indicate that homocysteine induces ER stress and, ultimately, apoptosis and sensitizes neurons to amyloid toxicity via the synergistic induction of ER stress.”

“Consistent with its adverse effects on the ER, homocysteine alters the expression of genes sensitive to ER stress (ie, GADD45, GADD153, ATF-4, YY1).”

“Inhibition of cell surface expression of these channels by ER stress is, at least partially, responsible for the suppressive effect of homocysteine on the channel function.”

“Inhibition of ER stress during homocysteine exposure enhanced IKCa and SKCa currents, associated with improved EDHF-type response and channel activator-induced relaxation.”

“We also showed that exposure of Hcy could up-regulate the expressions of glucose-regulated protein 78 (GRP78), CHOP, and cleaved caspase-12, which are the major mark proteins of ER stress , in the hippocampus of rats.”

“Conclusions Homocysteine induces ER stress and reduces the secretion and expression of EC-SOD in VSMCs, leading to increased oxidative stress in the vascular wall.”