Possible Interaction: Glutathione and Vitamin D

“Plasma GSH , GSSG, and total GSH decreased with increasing 25(OH)D category (P=0.06, 0.03, and 0.01, respectively), and plasma glutamine levels were lowest in subjects with plasma 25(OH)D concentrations ≥30ng/mL (P=0.004).”

“Cell culture studies demonstrate that supplementation with vitamin D and LC significantly increased GCLC expression and GSH formation in control and high-glucose-treated monocytes.”

“Across thirteen … found that vitamin D supplementation increased serum levels of total antioxidant capacity (TAC) (SMD: 0.54 mmol/…: 0.29 to 0.79; I2 = 65.4%, P = 0.001) and glutathione (GSH) (SMD: 0.33; 95% CI: 0.11 to … = 0.003; I2 = 61.2%, P = 0.001).”

“Overall, this meta-analysis shows that in diabetic patients, taking vitamin D had significant effects on hs-CRP and MDA levels, and significantly increased NO, TAC and GSH levels.”

“…,vitamin D supplementation were found to increase markers of nitric oxide (NO) release (WMD 4.33, 95% CI 0.… serum antioxidant capacity (TAC) (WMD 57.34, 95% CI 33.48, 81.20, p<0.001) and total glutathione (GSH) levels (WMD 82.59, 95% …, 120.81, p<0.001).”

“…,vitamin D intake resulted in a significant decrease in serum high sensitivity C-reactive protein (-2.2±4.2 vs. +2.… plasma total antioxidant capacity (+26.2±99.8 vs. -86.3±127.5mmol/L, P<0.001) and glutathione levels (+292.3±172.4 …) compared with the placebo.”

“ Glutathione and glutamate pathway metabolism, which play principal roles in redox regulation and immunomodulation, respectively, were significantly altered with vitamin D status.”

“In addition, … plus vitamin D supplementation resulted in … significant increase in GSH (+51.14 ± 131.64 vs −47.27 ± 203.63 μmol/l, p = 0.03) and prevented a rise in … levels (+0.06 ± 0.66 vs +0.93 ± 2.00 μmol/l, p = 0.03) compared with placebo.”

“ Vitamin D supplementation resulted in a significant decrease in serum hs-CRP (vitamin D vs. placebo groups: -1.41 vs. +1.50 μg/mL; P-…-interaction = 0.006), plasma total antioxidant capacity (vitamin D vs. placebo groups: +152 vs. -20 mmol/L; P-interaction = 0.002), and total glutathione ….”

“Analysis of the integrity of mitochondria demonstrated that ergocalciferol caused loss of mitochondrial membrane potential with release cytochrome c to cytosol, generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS), and depletion of glutathione ( GSH ), suggesting that ergocalciferol may induce apoptosis in HL-60 cells through a ROS-dependent pathway.”

“ VD3 was found to control the carcinogen-induced alterations in GSH level, GST, GGT, GRd and GPx activity both in HNs and NNSP liver areas during long-term exposure.”