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“Furthermore, quinine significantly decreased the oxidant status of GSH , SOD and catalase and significantly increased MDA levels in the ovary compared to the control group.”
“…,QUIN … GSH concentrations (antioxidant defenses) in Gcdh−/−. An early increase of Akt and phospho-Erk 1/2 in the cytosol and Nrf2 in the nucleus was … the Nrf2 pathway mediated by Akt and phospho-Erk 1/2, possibly as a compensatory protective mechanism against the ongoing QUIN-induced toxicity.”
“In this assay, 50 microM of amodiaquine, arthemether, chloroquine, methylene blue, mefloquine and quinine inhibited the interaction between glutathione (50 microM) and heme (50 microM), while atovaquone did not.”
“Results showed that QUIN produced significant changes in both cell damage (177%) and oxidative injury (203% in lipid peroxidation, 68% in GSH , and 123% in GSSG) as compared to control values.”