Possible Interaction: Glutathione and Nicotine

“The regulation of HO-1 expression induced by nicotine is critically dependent on the intracellular GSH concentration.”

“At a concentration of 5 mm and 20 mm, nicotine depleted about 22.2% and 56% of GSH , respectively.”

“In addition, nicotine significantly depleted intracellular GSH in a dose-dependent manner (P < 0.05).”

“In …, nicotine treatment increased lipid peroxidation and … levels of oxidized form of glutathione (GSSG), interleukin 1 beta (IL-1β), tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α), and Bax protein, while decreasing reduced form of glutathione (GSH), Bcl-2 protein, P-CREB and BDNF levels in the hippocampus of experimental animals.”

“… nicotine for two months … (MDA), reduced glutathione ( GSH ) and oxidized glutathione disulfide (GSSG)), antioxidant enzymes (superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (Cat), glutathione enzymes (GPx and GST)) as well as several … (TNF-α), Interleukin-17 (IL-17), and Nuclear Factor-kappa B (NF-κB)), and induced apoptosis through Caspase-3 activity.”

“DrG cell line and zebrafish exposed to nicotine significantly increased the elevation of lipid peroxidation (LPO) while depletion of reduced glutathione ( GSH ), manganese superoxide dismutase (MnSOD), catalase (CAT), glutathione S-transferase (GST) and glutathione peroxidise(GPx1a) was observed.”

“In addition, nicotine treatment increased lipid peroxidation and the levels of GSH , IL-1β, TNF-α and Bax, while reducing Bcl-2, P-CREB and BDNF levels in the hippocampus.”

“Activity of Na(+) K(+) ATPase, Ca(2+) ATPase and glutathione content was significantly reduced in nicotine treated group compared to control.”

“Additionally, glutathione and taurine in hippocampus and striatum, phosphocholine in PFC and glycerol in NAc were significantly modified by nicotine , implying the dysregulation of anti-oxidative stress response and membrane metabolism.”

“Administration of 3 mg kg(-1) nicotine resulted in an increase in level of reduced glutathione ( GSH ) in rats of all the age groups.”

“Brain GSH decreased significantly at high dose of nicotine (6 mg kg(-1) b.wt.)”

“Superoxide anion generation, lipid peroxidation and oxidized glutathione levels were increased significantly (P < 0.05), and reduced glutathione level, activity of superoxide dismutase, catalase, glutathione peroxidase, glutathione reductase and glutathione-s-transferase were decreased significantly (P < 0.05) with the increasing dose and duration of nicotine treatment.”