Possible Interaction: Glutathione and N-Methyl-3,4-Methylenedioxyamphetamine

“ MDMA decreased ocular GSH concentration and GPx activity; no change was observed in MDA concentration.”

“The results obtained in the present study suggest that MDMA induces loss of GSH homeostasis, decreases antioxidant enzyme activities, and lipoperoxidation that causes an oxidative stress that accompaines the MDMA-induced apoptosis in liver cells.”

“It is therefore suggested that metabolic reductive activation of MDMA by reduced cytochrome P450s and glutathione could lead to generation of some biological reactive intermediates which could activate reactive oxygen species generation and cause mitochondrial and lysosomal oxidative stress membrane damages.”

“Furthermore, MDMA depleted intracellular glutathione ( GSH ) levels in a concentration dependent manner, an effect that was attenuated by Ketanserin, a competitive 5-HT(2A)-receptor antagonist.”

“Addition of exogenous GSH or its precursor NAC potentiated the apoptotic action of MDMA but blocked apoptosis induced by menadione.”

“ MDMA induced a concentration- and time-dependent GSH depletion, but had a negligible effect on cell viability, ATP levels, or on the activities of GR, GPX, and GST.”

“In liver, MDMA treatment reduced glutathione and total antioxidant reserve at the same time point.”

“On the other hand, MDMA (0.1-5 mM) induced a concentration-dependent and time exposure-dependent GSH and ATP depletion.”