Possible Interaction: Glutathione and Melatonin

“ Melatonin improves the intramitochondrial antioxidative defense by enhancing reduced glutathione levels and inducing glutathione peroxidase and Mn-superoxide dismutase (Mn-SOD) in the matrix and Cu,Zn-SOD in the intermembrane space.”

“In addition to their ability to scavenge several reactive oxygen and nitrogen species, melatonin increases the activity of the glutathione redox enzymes, that is, glutathione peroxidase and reductase, as well as other antioxidant enzymes.”

“ Melatonin also enhances the antioxidant potential of the cell by stimulating the synthesis of antioxidant enzymes including superoxide dismutase, glutathione peroxidase, and glutathione reductase, and by augmenting glutathione levels.”

“ Melatonin treatment increased total glutathione content and lowered the oxidized/reduced glutathione ratio, indicating a better redox status of the muscle.”

“However, pretreatment with melatonin significantly inhibited DNA damage–induced apoptosis and glutathione (GSH) depletion, suggesting the reactive oxygen species mediate oxaliplatin/etoposide‐induced apoptosis.”

“The administration of exogenous neurohormone melatonin at pharmacological doses has been shown not only to be an effective scavenger of reactive oxygen and nitrogen species but also to enhance the levels of GSH and the expression and activities of the GSH-related enzymes including γ-GCL, GPxs, and GSR.”

“The exact mechanisms by which melatonin regulates the glutathione system are not fully understood.”

“Homocitrulline reduction of glutathione levels was completely prevented by melatonin and α‐tocopherol, whereas ornithine‐induced decrease of glutathione levels was only attenuated by these free radical scavengers.”

“ Melatonin also enhances the antioxidant potential of the cell by stimulating the synthesis of antioxidant enzymes like superoxide dismutase, glutathione peroxidase and glutathione reductase, and by augmenting glutathione levels.”

“ Melatonin neutralizes ROS (reactive oxygen species), increases antioxidative enzymes activities and glutathione levels, prevents electron leakage from mitochondrial respiratory chain, acts synergistically with vitamins C, E, and glutathione.”

“ Melatonin counteracts the changes in GSH , induced by KA, in cultured cerebellar granule neurons.”