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“These data suggest lidocaine induces perpetual mitochondrial depolarization, ROS/RNS generation along with increased glutathione to combat the oxidative cellular environment, glycolytic to PPP cycling of carbon generating NADPH, obstruction of carbon flow through the TCA cycle, decreased ATP generation, and metacaspase dependent apoptotic cell death.”
“Furthermore, lidocaine also regulated the levels of malondialdehyde (MDA), glutathione (GSH), superoxide dismutase (SOD), IL-6, IL-10, iNOS, and IL-4.Notably, lidocaine markedly inhibited the expression of p65 and p38.”