Possible Interaction: Glutathione and Kaempferol

“ Kaempferol pretreatment blocked AA+Fe-induced ROS production and reversed glutathione depletion, which in turn led to decreased cell death.”

“We found that short term exposure of human bronchial epithelial cells (BEAS-2B) to Cr(VI) (5μM) showed a drastic increase in ROS generation, NADPH oxidase (NOX) activation, lipid peroxidation, and glutathione depletion, which were significantly inhibited by the treatment with luteolin in a dose dependent manner.”

“ Luteolin also inhibited Nrf2 target gene [NQO1, heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1) and GSTα1/2] expression and decreased reduced glutathione in wild type mouse small intestinal cells.”

“ Kaempferol significantly reduced the depletion of hepatic glutathione and prevented the increase in MDA formation in mice.”

“ Luteolin increased the level of reduced glutathione ( GSH ) and the expression of GSH synthetase, which catalyzes the second step of GSH biosynthesis.”

“With respect to CDNB, the luteolin-SG conjugate inhibited GST activity via competitive … irreversible mixed inhibition of GST activity with Ki of 0.039 μM. Luteolin (100 … to GSH and non-competitively with respect to CDNB with Ki of …-99% GST inhibition in human SK-MEL-28 cell homogenate.”

“In both the controls and APAP-treated rats, kaempferol significantly increased the hepatic levels of glutathione (GSH) and superoxide dismutase, suppressed MDA and reactive oxygen species (ROS) levels, increased protein levels of Bcl-2 and downregulated protein levels of Bax and cleaved Bax.”

“In addition, KMP increased the levels of SOD and glutathione in the hippocampus of rats.”

“… KA pretreatment significantly reduced the levels of aspartate aminotransferase (AST) … hepatocellular damage and apoptosis, attenuated the exhaustion of glutathione (GSH) and accumulation of malondialdehyde (MDA), increased the expression of antioxidative enzymes (e.g., heme … NADPH quinone oxidoreductase 1 (NQO1)), and thus restrained APAP-induced oxidative damage in the liver.”

“In both control and CdCl 2 -treated rats, Kaempferol significantly increased hippocampal levels of GSH levels and protein levels of Nfr2, Bcl2 and synaptic proteins (SNAP-25, PSD-25, and synapsin).”