Possible Interaction: Glutathione and Iron, Dietary

“Thus, GSH plays a central role in the defense reactions involved in the chronic toxicity of Fe and Cu.”

“It is shown that both iron and copper potentiate both GSH loss and cell death in this model.”

“Addition of iron further decreased both GSH and ATP and a potentiative interaction between ufCB and FeSO(4) was observed, but only at the highest iron concentrations tested.”

“However, GSH and its constituent amino acid glycine blocked Fe sucr-mediated cell death.”

“On the … GGT and GSH, … iron , can lead to the formation of free radicals, lipid peroxidation, and mutagenesis, and therefore GGT activity is potentially harmful.1 Namely, the … present on the surface of cell membranes and in serum, is responsible for the extracellular catabolism of the antioxidant GSH (Figure).”

“Although GSH and iron produce opposite effects on redox cell status, no mechanistic relationships between iron and GSH metabolism are known.”

“Further increases in iron concentration led to significant reduction in both reduced (GSH) and total (GSH + (2 x GSSG)) glutathione.”

“Increasing iron from 1 to 5 microM resulted in a marked increase in intracellular oxidative stress and increased GSH levels.”

“ Iron loading did not change GSH reductase activity but induced significant increases in GSH peroxidase and GSH transferase activities.”

“Moreover, the multivalent Fe and V elements in the Fe-VS2 NSs can consume glutathione to amplify the reactive oxygen species-induced oxidative stress by SDT and CDT.”

“Incubation of pancreatic tissues with Fe 2 + led to significant depleted levels of glutathione (GSH) and SOD and catalase activities, with concomitant elevated levels of malondialdehyde (MDA) and nitric oxide (NO) and acetylcholinesterase and α-chymotrypsin activities.”

“Brain GSH and the GSH/GSSG ratio markedly decreased after Fe and Cu treatments (50-80%) with a t1/2 of 9-10 h for GSH and of 4 h for GSH/GSSG for both metals.”

“These results suggest that under conditions of inhibition of mitochondrial complex I caused by MPP+, the accumulation of iron and the concurrent decrease in GSH results in the loss of the dendritic tree prior to cell death, of dopaminergic neurons in PD.”