Possible Interaction: Glutathione and Glycyrrhetinic Acid

“Our results showed that pretreatment with GA significantly reduced serum ALT and AST activities, alleviated hepatic pathological damages with hepatocellular apoptosis, down‐regulated expression of CYP2E1 mRNA and protein, increased GSH levels, and reduced reactive oxygen species (ROS) productions in the liver of APAP‐exposed mice.”

“2) GA treatment up-regulated the expression and activity of NADPH oxidase and iNOS, and increased ROS/RNS productions (O2•-, •OH, NO and ONOO-) in the MDA-MB-231 cells; (3) GA down-regulated the expression of SLC7A11 of System Xc-, decreased glutathione ( GSH ) level and inhibited GPX activity.”

“Taken together, GA could promote the productions of ROS and RNS via activating NADPH oxidases and iNOS, and decreasing GSH and GPX activity, subsequently aggravating lipid peroxidation and triggering ferroptosis in triple-negative breast cancer cells.”

“Commentary to: Down-regulation of c-FLIP, XIAP and Mcl-1 protein as well as depletion of reduced glutathione contribute to the apoptosis induction of glycyrrhenitic acid derivatives in leukemia cells Dandan Song, Yuan Gao, Rui Wang, Dan Liu, Linxiang Zhao and Yongkui Jing”

“In conclusion, the findings from our study indicate that GA can antagonize decreased brain GSH levels induced by realgar and can lessen the neurotoxicity of realgar.”

“ GA disrupted the redox balance in tumor cells through upregulation of reactive oxygen species and downregulation of glutathione (GSH).”

“Taken together, these data highlighting the downregulation of GSH by GA and the efficacy of GSH in ameliorating GA-mediated cytotoxicity support the notion that GSH is involved in the selective toxicity of GA toward tumor cells.”

“Both ISL and GA pretreatment decreased ROS and meanwhile enhanced intracellular GSH content.”