Possible Interaction: Glutathione and Apigenin

“…,apigenin significantly reduced alanine aminotransferase (ALT) and aspartate aminotransferase (AST) activity in serum of mice challenged by CCl4 … alleviated the lipid peroxidation as indicated by the increased level of superoxide dismutase (SOD), reduced glutathione ( GSH ), glutathione peroxidases (GSH-Px) and catalase (CAT), … the decreased malondialdehyde (MDA) in liver tissue.”

“ Apigenin induced ROS production in the L. amazonensis-infected macrophage, and the effects were reversed by NAC and GSH.”

“ Apigenin increases intracellular ROS levels and reduces levels of glutathione ; it also induces cell apoptosis via tumor necrosis factor receptor (TNF-R)-, TNF-related apoptosis-inducing ligand receptor (TRAIL-R)-, and Bcl-2-mediated caspase-dependent cell death pathways in SCC25 cells.”

“As we presumed, treatment with apigenin was found to increase the level of intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS), whereas pretreatment with antioxidants, N-acetyl-cysteine (NAC) or glutathione ( GSH ), completely attenuated ROS generation.”

“Moreover, treatment with Api decreased markedly cellular GSH content (18 percent) and increased ROS production (greater than 20 percent) on MES-SA/Dx5 cells, while a significant reduction in ROS levels was observed in Hnk and Fis treated cells, when compared to untreated control.”

“Several flavonoids, especially naringenin and apigenin , markedly stimulated GSH transport by MRP1, suggesting they may be cotransported with this tripeptide.”

“ Apigenin attenuated the production of reactive oxygen species, the depletion and oxidation of glutathione , the formations of malondialdehyde and carbonyls in cell lines treated with proteasome inhibitors.”

“On one hand, apigenin has the ability to increase the oxidative damage indexes of glutathione (GSH) and glutathione-S-transferase (GST) as well as superoxide dismutase (SOD) activities but decrease myeloperoxidase (MPO) activities and maleic dialdehyde (MDA) content in the liver and kidney of mice treated with furan.”

“These results collectively indicate that apigenin alleviates KA-induced excitotoxicity by quenching ROS as well as inhibiting GSH depletion in hippocampal neurons.”

“ AG significantly reduced the levels of serum blood urea nitrogen (BUN) and serum creatinine (Scr), upregulated the levels of superoxide dismutase (SOD), glutathione ( GSH ) and catalase (CAT), and improved the pathological changes of the kidney in MSNs-treated mice.”