Possible Interaction: Glutathione and Aldesleukin

“These results suggest that GSH regulates the binding, internalization, degradation and T-cell proliferative activity of IL-4; alteration of cellular GSH levels may thus affect the growth and replication of cytotoxic T cells through growth stimulating cytokines such as IL-2 and IL-4.”

“We have previously shown that cellular glutathione GSH ) regulates the T-cell proliferative activity of interleukin-2 (IL-2).”

“In contrast, NAC and GSH have no effect on IFN-γ production but increase IL-2 production as well as T cell proliferation.”

“In vitro, NAC and GSH have been shown to act on T cells by increasing IL-2 production, synthesis and turnover of IL-2 receptors, proliferation [3, 4] ‚ cytotoxic properties [5] and resistance to apoptosis [4].”

“2-Mercaptoethanol or reduced glutathione have also been reported to potentiate the cytotoxic activity or proliferation of routine lymphocytes induced by IL-2.”

“It is suggested that GSH may exert its effects on the immune system via the regulation of IL-2 synthesis.”

“The findings also showed that there was a positive correlation between the IL-2 concentrations and intracellular GSH levels.”

“At optimal concentration (5 mmol), GSH increased interleukin-2 production (P < 0.05) and decreased prostaglandin E2 and leukotriene B4 production (P < 0.01) in both age groups.”

“ Glutathione depletion interfered in IL-12 production and costimulatory receptor expression in DCs, leading to decreased IFN-gamma production in the skin of recipient mice.”

“However, incubation of stimulated lymphocytes with 2-ME or IL-2 for 72 hr produced a significant further elevation of GSH levels and thymidine incorporation.”

“ IL-2 increased GSH content and decreased thymidine incorporation in unstimulated lymphocytes.”

“The data suggest that both 2-ME and IL-2 promote lymphocyte proliferation, although the mechanisms by which intracellular GSH levels are increased by the agents are apparently different.”

“In summary, the data suggest that GSH plays a critical role in the growth-promoting effects of IL-2 on B16F10 melanoma cells and in the antagonistic effect of IL-2 on CY inhibitory activity on these tumor cells.”

“Moreover, addition of IL-2 to cells preincubated with acrolein increased GSH levels and proliferation with respect to acrolein alone.”

“ IL-2 and NAc-cys were synergistic in increasing glutathione levels (reduced glutathione: 292% increase; total: 251% increase).”

“ IL-2 exposure by itself unexpectedly increased intracellular reduced glutathione by 43%.”

“These results suggest that although GSH does not affect the level of surface IL-2 receptors, GSH may regulate the internalization of IL-2 by enhancing the synthesis and turnover of surface IL-2 receptors.”